Locomotion and Movement: Important Questions

Locomotion and Movement

Evaluation

1. Muscles are derived from

a. ectoderm

b. mesoderm

c. endoderm

d. neuro ectoderm

2. Muscles are formed by

a. myocytes

b. leucocytes

c. osteocytes

d. lymphocytes

3. The muscles attached to the bones are called

a. skeletal muscle

b. cardiac muscle

c. involuntary muscle

d. smooth muscles

4. Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones by

a. tendon

b. ligament

c. pectin

d. fibrin

5. The bundle of muscle fibres is called

a. Myofibrils

b. fascicle

c. sarcomere

d. sarcoplasm

6. The pigment present in the muscle fibre to store oxygen is

a. myoglobin

b. troponin

c. myosin

d. actin

7. The functional unit of a muscle fibre is

a. sarcomere

b. sarcoplasm

c. myosin

d. actin

8. The protein present in the thick filament is

a. myosin

b. actin

c. pectin

d. leucin

9. The protein present in the thin filament is

a. myosin

b. actin

c. pectin

d. leucin

10. The region between two successive Z-discs is called a

a. sarcomere

b. microtubule

c. myoglobin

d. actin

11. Each skeletal muscle is covered by

a. epimysium

b. perimysium

c. endomysium

d. hypomysium

12. Knee joint is an example of

a. saddle joint

b. hinge joint

c. pivot joint

d. gliding joint

13. Name of the joint present between the atlas and axis is

a. synovial joint

b. pivot joint

c. saddle joint

d. hinge joint

14. ATPase enzyme needed for muscle contraction is located in

a. actinin

b. troponin

c. myosin

d. actin

15. Synovial fluid is found in

a. Ventricles of the brain

b. Spinal cord

c. immovable joint

d. freely movable joints.

16. Inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystals is called as

a. Gout

b. myasthenia gravis

c. osteoporosis

d. osteomalacia

17. Acetabulum is located in

a. collar bone

b. hip bone

c. shoulder bone

d. thigh bone

18. Appendicular skeleton is

a. girdles and their limbs

b. vertebrae

c. skull and vertebral column

d. ribs and sternum

19. The type of movement exhibits by the macrophages are

a. flagellar

b. ciliary

c. muscular

d. amoeboid

20. The pointed portion of the elbow is

a. acromion process

b. glenoid cavity

c. olecranon process

d. symphysis

21. Name the different types of movement

22. Name the filaments present in the sarcomere

23. Name the contractile proteins present in the skeletal muscle

24. When describing a skeletal muscle, what does “striated” mean?

25. How does an isotonic contraction take place?

26. How does an isometric contraction take place?

27. Name the bones of the skull.

28. Which is the only jointless bone in human body?

29. List the three main parts of the axial skeleton

30. How is tetany caused?

31. How is rigor mortis happened?

32. What are the different types of rib bones that form the rib cage?

33. What are the bones that make the pelvic girdle?

34. List the disorders of the muscular system.

35. Explain the sliding- filament theory of muscle contraction.

36. What are the benefits of regular exercise?

37. What are the different types of bone fracture?

38. Write about the mechanism and healing of bone fracture.

39. What is meant by physiotherapy?

40. Comment on the dislocation of joints.

Glossary

Acetylecholine – A neurotransmitter found throughout the nervous system.

Actin – A protein found in the cytoskeleton and muscle cells; it is the principal constituent of the thin filament.

Adenosine triphosphate(ATP) – A nucleotide molecule consisting of adenine, riboseand three phosphate molecules. It plays a central role in energy exchange in biological systems.

Cartilage – A firm, elastic connective tissue produced by the cells,called chondrocytes.

Exoskeleton – Skeletal elements are located upon body surface or in the skin (Example: Shells of snails in inverbrates, Hair claw and nails in vertibrates.

Endoskeleton – Skeletal elements are located inside the organisms with muscles outside. Found in skeletal system of vertibrates

Lever system – Movement takes place along the joints which act as fulcrum of the lever. One can observe functioning of all the three types of levers in the human skeleton.

Mesoderm – The middle embryonic germ layer. It gives rise to the muscular, skeletal, urogenital and circulatory system.

Motor neuron – A motor neuron that transmits nervous impulses from the spinal cord to effectors.

Myoglobin – Heme containing protein that binds molecular oxygen in muscle cells.

Myosin – A protein found in muscle cells that function in muscle contaction. It is present in thick filaments of muscles, known as myosin fibres

Sarcolemma – Muscle cell membrane capable of propagating action potentials

Sarcomere – The functional contractile unit of striated muscle.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum – The endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle cell. It envelopes myofibrils

Tendon – A fibrous connective tissue that connects a bone to a muscle