Home | | Electrical Machines II | Equivalent Circuit of Three Phase Induction Motor

Chapter: Electrical machines : Three Phase Induction Motor

Equivalent Circuit of Three Phase Induction Motor

Fig. 3.10 (i) shows the equivalent circuit per phase of the rotor at slip s.

Equivalent Circuit of Three Phase Induction Motor


Fig. 3.10 (i) shows the equivalent circuit per phase of the rotor at slip s. The rotor phase current is given by;

 


As shown in Fig. 3.10 (ii), we now have a rotor circuit that has a fixed reactance X2 connected in series with a variable resistance R2/s and supplied with constant voltage E2. Note that Fig. 3.10 (ii) transfers the variable to the resistance without altering power or power factor conditions.



Fig. 3.10 (iii) shows the equivalent rotor circuit along with load resistance RL.

 

Now Fig: 3.11 shows the equivalent circuit per phase of a 3-phase induction motor. Note that mechanical load on the motor has been replaced by an equivalent electrical resistance RL given by;


The circuit shown in Fig. 3.11 is similar to the equivalent circuit of a transformer with secondary load equal to R2 given by eq. (i). The rotor e.m.f. in the equivalent circuit now depends only on the transformation ratio K (= E2/E1).


Therefore; induction motor can be represented as an equivalent transformer connected to a variable-resistance load RL given by eq. (i). The power delivered to RL represents the total mechanical power developed in the rotor. Since the equivalent circuit of Fig. 3.11 is that of a transformer, the secondary (i.e., rotor) values can be transferred to primary (i.e., stator) through the appropriate use of transformation ratio K. Recall that when shifting resistance/reactance from secondary to primary, it should be divided by K2 whereas current should be multiplied by K. The equivalent circuit of an induction motor referred to primary is shown in Fig. 3.12.




Note that the element (i.e., R'L) enclosed in the dotted box is the equivalent electrical resistance related to the mechanical load on the motor. The following points may be noted from the equivalent circuit of the induction motor:

 

 

(i)                      At no-load, the slip is practically zero and the load R'L is infinite. This condition resembles that in a transformer whose secondary winding is open-circuited.

 

 

(ii)                      At standstill, the slip is unity and the load R'L is zero. This condition resembles that in a transformer whose secondary winding is short-circuited.

 

 

 

(iii)                   When the motor is running under load, the value of R'L will depend upon the value of the slip s. This condition resembles that in a transformer whose secondary is supplying variable and purely resistive load.

 

 

 

(iv)                   The equivalent electrical resistance R'L related to mechanical load is slip or speed dependent. If the slip s increases, the load R'L decreases and the rotor current increases and motor will develop more mechanical power. This is expected because the slip of the motor increases with the increase of load on the motor shaft.

 

 

Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail
Electrical machines : Three Phase Induction Motor : Equivalent Circuit of Three Phase Induction Motor |


Privacy Policy, Terms and Conditions, DMCA Policy and Compliant

Copyright © 2018-2024 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.