Drug Biotransformation
Humans
are exposed daily to a wide variety of foreign compounds called xenobiotics-substances absorbed across
the lungs or skin or, more commonly, ingested either unintentionally as
compounds present in food and drink or deliberately as drugs for therapeutic or
“recreational” purposes. Exposure to environmental xenobiotics may be
inadvertent and accidental or—when they are present as components of air,
water, and food—inescapable. Some xenobiot-ics are innocuous, but many can
provoke biologic responses. Such biologic responses often depend on conversion
of the absorbed substance into an active metabolite. The discussion that
follows is applicable to xenobiotics in general (including drugs) and to some
extent to endogenous compounds.
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