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Definition, Formulas, Solved Example Problems - Continuous random variable | 12th Business Maths and Statistics : Chapter 6 : Random Variable and Mathematical Expectation

Chapter: 12th Business Maths and Statistics : Chapter 6 : Random Variable and Mathematical Expectation

Continuous random variable

A random variable X which can take on any value (integral as well as fraction) in the interval is called continuous random variable.

Continuous random variable

 

Definition 6.5

A random variable X which can take on any value (integral as well as fraction) in the interval is called continuous random variable.

 

Examples of continuous random variable

·        The amount of water in a 10 ounce bottle.

·        The speed of a car.

·        Electricity consumption in kilowatt hours.

·        Height of people in a population.

·        Weight of students in a class.

·        The length of time taken by a truck driver to go from Chennai to Madurai, etc.

 

Probability density function

 

Definition 6.6

The probability that a random variable X takes a value in the interval [t1 , t2 ] (open or closed) is given by the integral of a function called the probability density function f X (x) :

P ( t1 X t2 )= t2t1  f X (x)dx .


 

Other names that are used instead of probability density function include density function, continuous probability function, integrating density function.

The probability density functions f X (x) or simply by f (x) must satisfy the following conditions.

(i) f ( x) 0 x and

(ii) -∞ f (x)dx = 1 .


Example 6.8

A continuous random variable X has the following p.d.f

f (x) = ax , 0 x 1

Determine the constant a and also find P  [X 1/2]

Solution:


 

Example 6.9

A continuous random variable X has p.d.f

f(x) = 5x 4 ,0 x 1

Find a1 and a2 such that (i) P[X a1 ] = P[X > a1]         (ii)  P[X > a2 ] = 0.05

Solution


 

Continuous distribution function

 

Definition 6.7

If X is a continuous random variable with the probability density function fX (x), then the function FX (x) is defined by

FX (x) = P[X x ] = x-∞ f (t )dt , −∞ < x < ∞  is  called  the  distribution  function  (d.f)  or sometimes the cumulative distribution function (c.d.f) of the continuous random variable X

 

Properties of cumulative distribution function

The function FX(x) or simply F(x) has the following properties

(i) 0 F (x) 1, − ∞ < x < ∞

(ii) 

(iii)    F() is a monotone, non-decreasing function; that is, F (a) F (b) for a <b .

(iv)    F() is continuous from the right; that is, 

(v) 

(vi) 

dF(x) is known as probability differential of X .

 (vii)  

= P (Xb)P(Xa)

= F (b)F (a)

 

Example 6.10

Suppose, the life in hours of a radio tube has the following p.d.f


Find the distribution function.

Solution:


 

Example 6.11

The amount of bread (in hundreds of pounds) x that a certain bakery is able to sell in a day is found to be a numerical valued random phenomenon, with a probability function specified by the probability density function f (x) is given by


(a) Find the value of A.

(b) What is the probability that the number of pounds of bread that will be sold tomorrow is

(i) More than 10 pounds,

(ii) Less than 10 pounds, and

(iii) Between 5 and 15 pounds?

Solution:

(a) We know that


(b) (i) The probability that the number of pounds of bread that will be sold tomorrow is more than 10 pounds is given by


(ii) The probability that the number of pounds of bread that will be sold tomorrow is less than 10 pounds, is given by


(iii) The probability that the number of pounds of bread that will be sold tomorrow is between 5 and 15 pounds is




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12th Business Maths and Statistics : Chapter 6 : Random Variable and Mathematical Expectation : Continuous random variable | Definition, Formulas, Solved Example Problems


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