Social Science : History
THE AGE OF
REVOLUTIONS
V. Answer the following
questions briefly
1. Who were Puritans? Why did they
leave England?
• Reformers who led a religious movement to reform the Church of
England dispensing with the teachings and practices of Roman Catholic Church were
known as Puritans.
• They attempted to reform the Church of England. Kings James I and Charles I could not tolerate this. They persecuted the Puritans and so they left England.
2. What do you know about the Quakers?
• Quakers were members of a Christian group called the Society Friends.
• They laid emphasis on the
Holy sprit and rejected outward rites and ordained ministry.
• Quakers worked for peace
and opposed war.
3. Point out the significance of "the
Boston Tea Party".
• In 1773 a group of men disguised themselves as native Americans, boarded the cargo vessel
and threw the tea overboard. This
incident is known as 'the Boston Tea party'.
• It led to the war between the rebellious colonies and England.
4. Attempt an account of "September
Massacres".
• In August 1792 the commune
of Paris ordered an attack on the king's palace.
• So the king ordered his
Swiss guards to shoot the attackers. But he was deposed and imprisoned.
• The people of Paris
were angered by the actions of the Swiss guards. So they hunted down the supporters of monarchy under their leader Marat.
• In three days about 1500
suspected dissidents were put in prison.
• After a trial they were
killed. This incident is known as, 'September massacres'.
5. Explain the composition of "Three
Estates of France".
• The first estate : The
clergy
• The second estate :
The nobles.
• The third estate : The
commons comprising lawyers, rich merchants, bankers, businessmen and landowners.
Of these, the third estate refused either to bow to the nobles or
to obey the orders of the king.
6. Sketch the role of Lafayette in
the French Revolution.
• Lafayette participated
in the American war of independence. He came
back to France with democratic ideals and played on active role in the French
revolution.
• During the French Revolution he served the French National Guard as its commander.
• He penned the Declaration
of the Rights of Men and the Citizen with the help of Jefferson.
7. What was the background for the
storming of Bastille Prison?
• The king shut out the commoners
and they assembled in the Tennis court.
• In order to evacuate them, the king tried to use force but his
own soldiers refused to obey his orders.
• So he intrigated to get foreign
regiments to shoot down his own people.
• This provoked the people to rise in revolt and they stormed the
Bastille prison and set free all the prisoners.
8. What were the taxes the peasants
had to pay in France on the eve of Revolution?
• Tithe (one tenth)
• Taille (land tax)
• Gabelle (salt tax)
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