Prostaglandins

PROSTAGLANDINS

Prostaglandins are autacoids that contribute importantly to renal physiology, and to the function of many other organs . Five prostaglandin subtypes (PGE₂, PGI₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, and thromboxane [TXA₂] are synthesized in the kidney and have receptors in this organ. The role of some of these receptors in renal physiology is not yet completely understood. However, PGE₂ (acting on EP₁, EP₃, and possibly EP₂) has been shown to play a role in the activity of certain diuretics. Among its many actions, PGE₂ blunts Na⁺ reabsorption in the TAL of Henle’s loop and ADH-mediated water transport in collecting tubules. These actions of PGE₂ contribute significantly to the diuretic efficacy of loop diuretics. Blockade of prostaglandin synthesis with NSAIDs can therefore interfere with loop diuretic activity.