Factors influencing the antigenicity of antigens
Antigen must be a foreign substance as more
foreign the substance, the more immunogenic in nature. However the following
factors can also influence it,
1.
The
antigenic response which is indicated by the quantum of antibody formed in
response to antigenic stimulation varies depending on the dosage of antigenadministered, route of administration and use of adjuvant etc.
2.
Molecular weight of the antigen affect the antigenicity as low
molecular antigenscan only combine with the antibody (hapten).
3.
Very
low molecular weight substance cannot act as an antigen. Because of this the
virus which has the very low molecular weight proteins escapes the immune
response.
4.
Very
large molecular antigen directly induces the B cell differentiation with out
the involvement of T Cells.
5.
Degradability is essential as in the antigen presenting cells
process the antigenby degrading them and processed peptide antigen along with
the MHC II molecule presented to the T cells and such antigens are called T dependent antigen.
6.
Antigen
induced antibody response can be suppressed by administrating the antibody
passively either prior to or shortly after administration of antigen (This is
utilized for the treatment of Rh antigen induced antibody in the mother leading
to Erythroblastosis fetalis).
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