What is the pathophysiology of MH?

What is the pathophysiology of MH?

An uncontrolled increase in intracellular calcium, usu-ally due to an abnormal ryanodine receptor, results in sus-tained and forceful muscle contracture. This culminates in massive increases in both aerobic and anaerobic muscle metabolism, with subsequent production of heat, carbon dioxide (CO₂), and lactate. Eventually, muscle cell mem-brane integrity is lost, and spillage of intracellular contents into the circulation occurs. While the precise cellular events causing MH are not known, triggering agents cause an imbalance of calcium release and reuptake from sites of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The resulting increase in intra-cellular calcium favors contraction and limits relaxation.