THEORY AND TECHNIQUE OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
The ‘technique of
quantitative analysis’ is broadly based on the following three major heads, namely :
(a) Technique
of Volumetric Analysis,
(b) Technique
of Gravimetric Analysis, and
(c) Biomedical
Analytical Chemistry.
Volumetric analysis essentially comprises of the most
precise and accurate measurement of interacting solutions or reagents. It makes
use of a number of graduated apparatus, such as : graduated (volumetric)
flasks, burettes, pipettes and measuring cylinder of different capacities (volumes).
However, it is pertinent to mention here that quite a few
techniques related to measurement of pharmaceutical substances and reagents
involved is more or less common to both gravimetric and volumetric analysis.
Besides, in gravimetric analysis, some more additional techniques play a vital
role, namely : precipitation, filtration, washing of the precipitate and
ignition of the precipitate.
Biomedical analytical chemistry happens to be one of the
latest disciplines which essentially embraces the principles and techniques of
both analytical chemistry and biochemistry. It has often been known as
‘clinical chemistry’. This particular aspect of analytical chemistry has gained
significant cognizance in the recent past by virtue of certain important
techniques being included very much within its scope of analysis, namely :
colorimetric assays, enzymic assays, radioimmunoassays and automated methods of
clinical analysis.
It is, however, important to
mention here that certain other routine procedures also carried out in a
clinical laboratory fall beyond the scope of biomedical analytical chemistry,
narnely : microbiological assays, heamatological assays, serum analysis, urine
analysis and assays of other body fluids.
It will be very much within
the scope of this to discuss briefly the various important details, with
specific examples wherever necessary, of volumetric analysis, gravimetric
analysis and biomedical analytical chemistry
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