GLOSSARY
Agile software development-Set of
fundamental principles about how software should be developed based on an agile way of working in contrast to
previous heavy-handed software development methodologies.
Aggregate planning is an
operational activity which does an aggregate plan for the production process, in advance of 2 to 18 months, to give an idea
to management as to what quantity of materials and other resources are to be
procured and when, so that the total cost of operations of the organization is
kept to the minimum over that period.
Allocation is the assignment of available
resources in an economic way.
Budget -A list of all planned expenses
and revenues.
Budgeted cost of work performed (BCWP)
-Measures the budgeted cost of work that
has actually been performed, rather than the cost of work scheduled.
Budgeted cost of work scheduled(BCWS)-The
approved budget that has been allocated to
complete a scheduled task (or Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) component) during
a specific time period.
Business model -is a profit-producing system
that has an important degree of independence
from the other systems within an enterprise.
Business analysis -The set
of tasks, knowledge, and techniques required to identify business needs and determine solutions to business problems.
Solutions often include a systems development component, but may also consist
of process improvement or organizational change.
Business operations -Ongoing
recurring activities involved in the running of a business for the purpose of producing value for the stakeholders. They are
contrasted with project management, and consist of business processes.
Business process -Collection of related,
structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a
particular customer or customers. There are three types of business processes:
Management processes, Operational processes, and Supporting processes.
Business Process Modeling (BPM)
-Tthe activity of representing processes of an enterprise, so that the current ("as is") process may be
analyzed and improved in future ("to be").
Capability Maturity Model (CMM)
-Software engineering is a model of the maturity of the capability of certain business processes. A maturity model can
be described as a structured collection of elements that describe certain
aspects of maturity in an organization, and aids in the definition and
understanding of an organization's processes.
Change control -The procedures used to ensure
that changes (normally, but not necessarily,
to IT systems) are introduced in a controlled and coordinated manner. Change
control is a major aspect of the broader discipline of change management.
Change management i-s a
field of management focused on organizational changes. It aims to ensure that methods and procedures are used for efficient
and prompt handling of all changes to controlled IT infrastructure, in order to
minimize the number and impact of any related incidents upon service.
Case study is a research method which
involves an in-depth, longitudinal examination of a single instance or event: a case. They provide a systematic way
of looking at events, collecting data, analyzing information, and reporting the
results.
Certified Associate in Project Management is an
entry-level certification for project practitioners
offered by Project Management Institute.
Communications Log -is an
on-going documentation of communication events between any identified project stakeholders, managed and collected by the
project manager that describes: the sender and receiver of the communication
event; where, when and for how long the communication event elapsed; in what
form the communication event took place; a summary of what information was
communicated; what actions/outcomes should be taken as a result of the
communication event; and to what level of priority should the actions/outcomes
of the communication event be graded
Constructability is a project management technique
to review the construction processes from
start to finish during pre-construction phrase. It will identify obstacles
before a project is actually built to reduce or prevent error, delays, and cost
overrun.
Costsin economics, business, and
accounting are the value of money that has been used up to produce something, and hence is not available for use
anymore. In business, the cost may be one of acquisition, in which case the
amount of money expended to acquire it is counted as cost.
Cost engineeringis the area of engineering
practice where engineering judgment and experience
are used in the application of scientific principles and techniques to problems
of cost estimating, cost control, business planning and management science,
profitability analysis, project management, and planning and scheduling."
Construction, in the fields of architecture
and civil engineering, is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a
single activity, large scale construction is a feat of multitasking. Normally
the job is managed by the project manager and supervised by the construction
manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project architect.
Cost overrun is defined as excess of actual
cost over budget.
Critical path method (CPM) is a
mathematically based modeling technique for
scheduling a set of project activities, used in project management.
Critical chain project management(CCPM) is
a method of planning and managing projects
that puts more emphasis on the resources required to execute project tasks.
Dependency in a project network is a link
amongst a project's terminal elements.
Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) is
a software development methodology
originally based upon the Rapid Application Development methodology. DSDM is an
iterative and incremental approach that emphasizes continuous user involvement.
Durationof a project's terminal element
is the number of calendar periods it takes from the time the execution of element starts to the moment it is
completed.
Deliverable A contractually required work
product produced and delivered to a required state. A deliverable may be a document, hardware, software or
other tangible product.
Earned schedule (ES) is an
extension to earned value management (EVM), which renames 2 traditional measures, to indicate clearly they are in
units of currency or quantity, not time.
Earned value management (EVM) is a
project management technique for measuring
project progress in an objective manner, with a combination of measuring
scope, schedule, and cost in a single integrated system.
Effort management is a
project management sub discipline for effective and efficient use of time and resources to perform
activities regarding quantity, quality and direction.
Enterprise modeling is the
process of understanding an enterprise business and improving its performance through creation of enterprise models.
This includes the modelling of the relevant business domain (usually relatively
stable), business processes (usually more volatile), and Information technology
Estimationin project management is the
processes of making accurate estimates using the appropriate techniques.
Event chain diagram : diagram
that show the relationships between events and tasks and how the events affect each other.
Event chain methodology is an
uncertainty modeling and schedule network analysis technique that is focused on identifying and managing events and
event chains that affect project schedules.
Extreme project management(XPM) refers to
a method of managing very complex and very
uncertain projects.
Float in a project network is the
amount of time that a task in a project network can be delayed without causing a delay to subsequent tasks and or the
project completion date.
Focused improvement in Theory
of Constraints is the ensemble of activities aimed at elevating the performance of any system, especially a business
system, with respect to its goal by eliminating its constraints one by one and
by not working on non-constraints.
Fordism, named after Henry Ford, refers to
various social theories. It has varying but
related meanings in different fields, and for Marxist and non-Marxist
scholars.
Henry Gantt was an American mechanical
engineer and management consultant, who developed
the Gantt chart in the 1910s.
Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that
illustrates a project schedule. It illustrates the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of
a project. Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown
structure of the project.
Goal or objective consists of a
projected state of affairs which a person or a system plans or intends to achieve or bring about — a personal or
organizational desired end-point in some sort of assumed development. Many
people endeavor to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines
Goal setting involves establishing specific,
measurable and time targeted objectives
Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) is
a network analysis technique that
allows probabilistic treatment of both network logic and activity duration
estimated.
Hammock activity is a grouping of subtasks that
"hangs" between two end dates it is tied to (or the two end-events it is fixed to).
HERMES is a Project Management Method
developed by the Swiss Government, based
on the German V-Modell. The first domain of application was software
projects.
Integrated Master Plan(IMP) is
an event-based, top level plan, consisting of a hierarchy of Program Events.
ISO 10006 is a guidelines for quality management
in projects, is an international standard
developed by the International Organization for Standardization.
Iterative and Incremental development is a
cyclic software development process developed
in response to the weaknesses of the waterfall model. It starts with an initial
planning and ends with deployment with the cyclic interaction in between
Kickoff meeting is the first meeting with the
project team and the client of the project.
Level of Effort (LOE) is qualified as a support
type activity which doesn't lend itself to
measurement of a discrete accomplishment. Examples of such an activity may
be project budget accounting, customer liaison, etc.
Linear scheduling method (LSM) is
a graphical scheduling method focusing on
continuous resource utilization in repetitive activities. It is believed
that it originally adopted the idea of Line-Of-Balance method.
Lean manufacturing or lean
production, which is often known simply as "Lean", is the practice of a theory of production
that considers the expenditure of resources for any means other than the
creation of value for the presumed customer to be wasteful, and thus a target
for elimination
Managementin business and human
organization activity is simply the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals. Management comprises
planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an
organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the
purpose of accomplishing a goal.
Management process is a
process of planning and controlling the performance or execution of any type of activity.
Management science (MS), is
the discipline of using mathematical modeling and other analytical methods, to help make better business management
decisions.
Megaproject is an extremely large-scale
investment project.
Motivationis the set of reasons that
prompts one to engage in a particular behavior.
Nonlinear Management(NLM) is a
superset of management techniques and strategies that allows order to emerge by giving organizations the space to
self-organize, evolve and adapt, encompassing Agile, Evolutionary and Lean
approaches, as well as many others.
Operations managementis an
area of business that is concerned with the production of good quality goods and services, and involves the responsibility
of ensuring that business operations are efficient and effective. It is the
management of resources, the distribution of goods and services to customers,
and the analysis of queue systems.
Operations Research (OR) is an
interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics and formal science that uses methods such as mathematical modeling,
statistics, and algorithms to arrive at optimal or near optimal solutions to
complex problems.
Organization is a social arrangement which
pursues collective goals, which controls its own performance, and which has a boundary separating it from its
environment.
Organization development (OD) is a
planned, structured, organization-wide effort to increase the organization's effectiveness and health.
Planning in organizations and public
policy is both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan; and the psychological process of thinking
about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale.
Portfolio in finance is an appropriate mix
of or collection of investments held by an
institution or a private individual.
PRINCE2 : PRINCE2 is a project management
methodology. The planning, monitoring and
control of all aspects of the project and the motivation of all those involved
in it to achieve the project objectives on time and to the specified cost,
quality and performance.
Process is an ongoing collection of
activities, with an inputs, outputs and the energy required to transform inputs to outputs.
Process architecture is the
structural design of general process systems and applies to fields such as computers (software, hardware, networks, etc.),
business processes (enterprise architecture, policy and procedures, logistics,
project management, etc.), and any other process system of varying degrees of
complexity.
Process management is the
ensemble of activities of planning and monitoring the performance of a process, especially in the sense of business
process, often confused with reengineering.
Product breakdown structure (PBS) in
project management is an exhaustive, hierarchical
tree structure of components that make up an item, arranged in whole-part
relationship.
Product description in
project management is a structured format of presenting information about a project product
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is
a statistical tool, used in project management,
designed to analyze and represent the tasks involved in completing a given
project.
Program Management is the
process of managing multiple ongoing inter-dependent projects. An example would be that of designing, manufacturing and
providing support infrastructure for an automobile manufacturer.
Project : A temporary endeavor undertaken
to create a unique product, service, or result.
Project accountingIs the
practice of creating financial reports specifically designed to track the financial progress of
projects, which can then be used by managers to aid project management.
Project Cost ManagementA method
of managing a project in real-time from the
estimating stage to project control; through the use of technology cost,
schedule and productivity is monitored.
Project management : The
complete set of tasks, techniques, tools applied during project execution'.
Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOK):
The sum of knowledge within the profession
of project management that is standardized by ISO.
Project management office: The
Project management office in a business or
professional enterprise is the department or group that defines and
maintains the standards of process, generally related to project management,
within the organization. The PMO strives to standardize and introduce economies
of repetition in the execution of projects. The PMO is the source of
documentation, guidance and metrics on the practice of project management and
execution.
Project management processis the
management process of planning and controlling the performance or execution of a project.
Project Management Professional is a
certificated professional in project management.
Project Management Simulators are
computer-based tools used in project management training programs. Usually, project management simulation is a
group exercise. The computer-based simulation is an interactive learning
activity.
Project management software is a type
of software, including scheduling, cost control and budget management, resource allocation, collaboration
software, communication, quality management and documentation or administration
systems, which are used to deal with the complexity of large projects.
Project Management Triangleis a
model of the constraints of project management.
Project manager : professional in the field of
project management. Project managers can
have the responsibility of the planning, execution, and closing of any
project, typically relating to construction industry, architecture, computer
networking, telecommunications or software development.
Project network is a graph (flow chart) depicting
the sequence in which a project's terminal
elements are to be completed by showing terminal elements and their
dependencies.
Project planis a formal, approved document
used to guide both project execution and
project control. The primary uses of the project plan are to document
planning assumptions and decisions, facilitate communication among
stakeholders, and document
approved
scope, cost, and schedule baselines. A project plan may be summary or detailed.
Project planning is part of project management,
which relates to the use of schedules such
as Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the project
environment.
Project stakeholders are those
entities within or without an organization which sponsor a project or, have an interest or a gain upon a successful
completion of a project.
Project teamis the management team leading
the project, and provides services to the
project. Projects often bring together a variety number of problems.
Stakeholders have important issues with others.
Proportrefers to the combination of the
unique skills of an organization’s members for collective advantage.
Quality can mean a h igh degree of excellence (“a quality product”), a degree of excellence or the lack of it (“work of
average quality”), or a property of something (“the addictive quality of
alcohol”).[1] Distinct from the vernacular, the subject of this article is
the
business interpretation of quality.
Quality, Cost, Delivery (QCD) as
used in lean manufacturing measures a business’s activity and develops Key performance indicators. QCD analysis
often forms a part of continuous improvement programs
Reengineering is radical redesign of an
organization's processes, especially its business processes. Rather than organizing a firm into functional
specialties (like production, accounting, marketing, etc.) and considering the
tasks that each function performs; complete processes from materials
acquisition, to production, to marketing and distribution should be considered.
The firm should be re-engineered into a series of processes.
Resources are what is required to carry out
a project's tasks. They can be people, equipment,
facilities, funding, or anything else capable of definition (usually other than
labor) required for the completion of a project activity.
Risk is the precise probability of
specific eventualities.
Risk management is a management specialism aiming
to reduce different risks related to a
preselected domain to the level accepted by society. It may refer to numerous
types of threats caused by environment, technology, humans, organizations and
politics.
Risk register is a tool commonly used in
project planning and organizational risk
assessments.
Schedules in project management consist of
a list of a project's terminal elements with intended start and finish dates.
Scientific managementis a
theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflow processes, improving labor productivity.
Scope of a project in project
management is the sum total of all of its products and their requirements or features.
Scope creep refers to uncontrolled changes in
a project's scope. This phenomenon can occur
when the scope of a project is not properly defined, documented, or controlled.
It is generally considered a negative occurrence that is to be avoided.
Scrum is an iterative incremental
process of software development commonly used with agile software development. Despite the fact that
"Scrum" is not an acronym, some companies implementing the process
have been known to adhere to an all capital letter expression of the word, i.e.
SCRUM.
Six Sigma is a business management
strategy, originally developed by Motorola, that today enjoys widespread application in many sectors of industry.
Software engineering is the
application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of
software.
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is
any logical process used by a systems analyst
to develop an information system, including requirements, validation, training,
and user ownership. An SDLC should result in a high quality system that meets
or exceeds customer expectations, within time and cost estimates, works
effectively and efficiently in the current and planned Information Technology
infrastructure, and is cheap to maintain and cost-effective to enhance.
Systems engineeringis an
interdisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on how complex engineering projects should be designed and managed.
Task is part of a set of actions which
accomplish a job, problem or assignment.
Task analysis is the analysis or a breakdown of
exactly how a task is accomplished, such
as what sub-tasks are required
Timelineis a graphical representation of
a chronological sequence of events, also referred to as a chronology. It can also mean a schedule of activities,
such as a timetable.
Unified Process: The Unified process is a popular
iterative and incrementalsoftware development
process framework. The best-known and extensively documented refinement of the
Unified Process is the Rational Unified Process (RUP).
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