Safety Measures carried out in Nuclear Power Plant
Safety
for nuclear power plants
Nuclear power plants should be located far away from the
populated area to avoid the radioactive hazard. A nuclear reactor produces aand bparticles,
neutrons and g- quanta which can disturb the normal functioning of
living organisms. Nuclear power plants involve radiation leaks, health hazard
to workers and community, and negative effect on surrounding forests.
At nuclear power plants there are
three main sources of radioactive contamination of air.
1.
Fission
of nuclei of nuclear fuels.
2.
The
second source is due to the effect of neutron fluxes on the heat carrier in the
primary cooling system and on the ambient air.
3.
Third
source of air contamination is damage of shells of fuel elements.
This calls for special safety measures for a nuclear power
plant. Some of the safety measures are as follows.
1.
Nuclear
power plant should be located away from human habitation.
2.
Quality
of construction should be of required standards.
3.
Waste
water from nuclear power plant should be purified.
The water purification plants must have efficiency of
water purification and satisfy rigid requirements as regards the volume of
radioactive wastes disposed to burial.
4.
An
atomic power plant should have an extensive ventilation system. The main
purpose of this ventilation system is to maintain the concentration of all
radioactive impurities in the air below the permissible concentrations.
5.
An
exclusion zone of 1.6 km radius around the plant should be provided where no
public habitation is permitted.
6.
The
safety system of the plant should be such as to enable safe shut down of the
reactor whenever required.
Wastes
are disposed from nuclear power plant
Waste
Disposal
Waste disposal problem is common in every industry. Wastes
from atomic energy installations are radioactive, create radioactive hazard and
require strong control to ensure that radioactivity is not released into the
atmosphere to avoid atmospheric pollution.
The wastes produced in a nuclear power plant may be in the
form of liquid, gas or solid and each is treated in a different manner:
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