Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves

PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

The information signal modulated with the carrier wave (radio wave) is transmitted by an antenna. This travels through space and is received by the receiving antenna at the other end. The frequencies from 2 kHz to 400 GHz are transmitted through wireless communication. The strength of the electromagnetic wave keeps decreasing while traveling from transmitter to the receiver. The electromagnetic wave transmitted by the transmitter travels in three different modes to reach the receiver according to its frequency range:

• Ground wave propagation (or) surface wave propagation (nearly 2 kHz to 2 MHz)

• Sky wave propagation (or) ionospheric propagation (nearly 3 MHz to 30 MHz)

• Space wave propagation (nearly 30 MHz to 400 GHz)