Political History of Tamil Nadu
Compared with rest of India, Tamil Nadu has had a
healthy administrative and political culture, more or less stable economic
life, and continuity of traditions from the hoary past to the present. Madras
Presidency of South India came into existence due to the administrative and
political needs of the British. The Madras Presidency was formed in A.D (C.E.)
1801. The Presidency, as it existed during the 19th and 20th centuries,
comprised of the present states of Andhra Pradesh, Malabar region of Kerala,
Southern Karnataka, Southern most part of Odisha and Union Territory of
Lakshadweep.
Madras Presidency politics in the early part of
20th century was dominated by the "Brahmin – non – Brahmin
conflicts". Scholars and political thinkers believed that understanding
the conflicts between these two groups, (the Brahmins and non – Brahmins), is
necessary to understand the South Indian Politics and society.
Simultaneously a few members of Non-Brahmin caste groups
sought employment in industries, commercial enterprises etc., Significant but a
portion of non-Brahmin caste groups migrated from rural areas to urban pockets
of the Presidency and wanted to ascertain their identity as ‘Dravidian’ and
‘Tamils’ and gradually challenged the monopoly of powers and privileges enjoyed
by the Brahmins in politics, administration and society.
The word ‘Dravidian’ was used by scholars and non –
Tamils to identify non-Aryan Tamil speaking people. At the same time Brahmins
were identified as “Aryans” and the custodians of Sanskrit civilisation where
as non-Brahmins were considered as “Dravidians” and the custodians of Tamil
language, culture and civilisation.
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