Permissible Torque-Speed Characteristics - Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

PERMISSIBLE TORQUE-SPEED CHARACTERISTICS

The torque-speed characteristics of BLPM sine wave motor is shown in fig. 5.10

Effect of over speed

In the torque speed characteristics, if the speed is increased beyond the point D, there is a risk of over current because the back emf  Eb continues to increase while the terminal voltage  remains constant. The current is then almost a pure reactive current flowing from the motor back to the supply. There is a small q axis current and a small torque because of losses in the motor and in the converter. The power flow is thus reversed. This mode of operation is possible only if the motor ‗over runs‘ the converter or is driven by an external load or prime mover.

In such a case the reactive current is limited only by the synchronous reactance. As the speed increase further, it approaches the short circuit current Pq/Xs  which is many times larger than the normal current rating of the motor winding or the converter. This current may be sufficient to demagnetize the magnets particularly if their temperature is high. Current is rectified by the freewheeling diodes in the converter and there is a additional risk due to over voltage on the dc side of the converter, especially if a filter capacitor and ac line rectifiers are used to supply the dc. But this condition is unusual, even though in the system design the possibility should be assessed.

Solution

An effective solution is to use an over speed relay to short circuit the 3υ winding in a 3υ resistor or a short circuit to produce a braking torque without actually releasing the converter.