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Chapter: Medicine Study Notes : Pharmacology

Metabolism - Pharmacokinetics

Water soluble: excreted unchanged through the kidney

Metabolism

 

·        Water soluble: excreted unchanged through the kidney

 

·        Lipid soluble: Can‟t be excreted by kidneys (reabsorbed straight away) so conjugated or metabolised ® water soluble ® excretion


·        Metabolism:

o   May result in activation of a pro-drug, active metabolites or inactive metabolites

o   Phase 1: oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

o   Phase 2: conjugation, eg methylation, acetylation, glutamine, etc

o   Occurs in mainly in the liver, also in the lung, kidney, blood, small intestine, gut bacteria


·        1st pass metabolism: high > 70%, e.g. lignocaine, GTN (no use taking them orally)

 

·        Examples of drug metabolic reactions:



·        Factors affecting metabolism: genetics, ethnicity, age, gender, pregnancy, liver disease, time of day, environment, diet, malnutrition, alcohol, other drugs


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Medicine Study Notes : Pharmacology : Metabolism - Pharmacokinetics |


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