63. What is meant by the term directing?
Directing may be defined as the process of instructing, guiding and
inspiring human factors in the organization objectives. It is not only issuing
orders and instructions by a superior to his subordinates but also including
process of guiding and inspiring them to work effectively.
List down the human
factors in managing? Multiplicity of roles.
Individuality. Personal dignity.
64. Define creativity.
Creativity is defined as the ability to produce new and useful ideas
through the components in novel and non obvious ways. Creativity exists
throughout the populations, largely independent of age, sex and education.
65. What is a SCAMPER tool?
SCAMPER is a checklist that helps us to think of changes. We can make to
an existing product to create a new one. These changes can be used either as
direct suggestions or as starting points
for lateral thinking.
66. What is meant by reframing matrix?
Reframing Matrix is a simple technique that helps to look at business
problems from a number of different viewpoints. It expands the range of
creative solutions that you can generate. The approach relies on the fact that
different people with different experience approach problems in different ways.
State the function of
mind mapping tool?
This tool is similar to concept fan except looking one step back from
main topic .A mindmap consists of a central word or concept with 5 to10 main
ideas that relate to that word , similar to creating a spider-web.
Mention the use of DO IT
process for creativity?
DO IT is a process for creativity. Techniques explained earlier in this
chapter focus on specific aspects of creative thinking. DO IT bundles them
together introduce formal methods of problem definition and evaluation. These
help you to get the best out of the creativity techniques. DO IT is an acronym
that stands for:
D – Define problem
O – Open mind and apply creative techniques
I _ Identify best solution
T _ Transform
69. Differentiate innovation and invention. Innovation means the use of
creative ideas.
Invention means really finding new things which are not already
available.
70. How can be harmonizing objectives achieved? Mutual trust.
Cooperation and understanding.
Worker’s participation in management, and
Balancing the objectives of the organization with those of individuals.
71. Define “multiplicity of roles”.
Individuals are not only the productive factor in management’s plans.
They are members of social system of many organizations.
72. What is meant by Brain storming?
Brainstorming is an excellent way of developing many creative solutions
to a problem. It works by focusing on a problem, and then coming up with very
many radical solutions to it. The essence of brainstorming is a creative
conference, ideally of a to 8 to12 people meeting for less than an hour to
develop a long listed without criticism on a backboard or newsprint as they are
offered ; one visible idea leads to others. At the end of this session,
participants are asked how the ideas could be combined or improve.
73. Define motivation
According to koontz O’Donnell, “Motivation is a general terms applying
to the entire
class of drives, desires, needs wishes and similar forces that induce an
individual or a group of people to work”
74. Names the steps involved in motivation process. Analysis of
situation.
Preparing, selecting and applying a set of appropriate motivating tools.
Follow up.
75. What are the types of motivation Positive motivation Negative
motivation Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation
76. What is job enrichment?
Job enrichment is therefore based on the assumptions that in order to
motivate personnel, the job itself must provide opportunities achievement,
recognition, responsibility, advancement and growth.
77. Define Leadership.
Leadership is the process of influencing the behavior of others towards
the accomplishment of goals in a given situation.
78. List out few leadership traits The Michigan studies
The Ohio state university studies The managerial grid
79. State House’s path- goal approach.
Leaders are effective because of the influence on the followers
motivation, ability to perform and their satisfaction.
80. What is Laissez- faire?
Complete freedom is given to the subordinate so that they plan,
motivate, control and otherwise be responsible for their own action.
81. What is communication?
Communication is the passing of information from one person to another
person.
82. Name the various types of communication Downward communication
Upward communication
Horizontal or Lateral communication
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