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Carbon and its Compounds - Book Back Questions with Answers | 10th Science : Chapter 11 : Carbon and its Compounds

Chapter: 10th Science : Chapter 11 : Carbon and its Compounds

Book Back Questions with Answers

I. Choose the best answer II. Fill in the blanks III. Match the following IV. Assertion and Reason V. Short answer questions VI. Long answer questions VII. HOT questions

Carbon and its Compounds


I. Choose the best answer.

 

1. The molecular formula of an open chain organic compound is C3H6. The class of the compound is

a. alkane

b. alkene

c. alkyne

d. alcohol

 

2. The IUPAC name of an organic compound is 3-Methyl butan-1-ol. What type compound it is?

a. Aldehyde

b. Carboxylic acid

c. Ketone

d. Alcohol

 

3. The secondary suffix used in IUPAC nomenclature of an aldehyde is ____

a. - ol

b. – oic acid

c. - al

d. - one

 

4. Which of the following pairs can be the successive members of a homologous series?

a. C3H8 and C4H10

b. C2H2 and C2H4

c. CH4 and C3H6

d. C2H5OH and C4H8OH

 

5. C2H5OH + 3O2  2CO2 + 3H2O is a

a. Reduction of ethanol

b. Combustion of ethanol

c. Oxidation of ethanoic acid

d. Oxidation of ethanol

 

6. Rectified spirit is an aqueous solution which contains about _______ of ethanol

a. 95.5 %

b. 75.5 %

c. 55.5 %

d. 45.5 %

 

7. Which of the following are used as anaesthetics?

a. Carboxylic acids

b. Ethers

c. Esters

d. Aldehydes

 

8. TFM in soaps represents ___________ content in soap

a. mineral

b. vitamin

c. fatty acid

d. carbohydrate

 

9. Which of the following statements is wrong about detergents?

a. It is a sodium salt of long chain fatty acids

b. It is sodium salts of sulphonic acids

c. The ionic part in a detergent is –SO3Na+

d. It is effective even in hard water.

 

II. Fill in the blanks


1.   An atom or a group of atoms which is responsible for chemical characteristics of an organic compound is called functional group.

2.   The general molecular formula of alkynes is CnH2n_2

3.   In IUPAC name, the carbon skeleton of a compound is represented by root word (root word / prefix / suffix)

4.   (Saturated / Unsaturated) Unsaturated compounds decolourize bromine water.

5.   Dehydration of ethanol by conc. Sulphuric acid forms ethene (ethene/ ethane)

6.   100 % pure ethanol is called absolute alcohol

7.   Ethanoic acid turns Blue litmus to Red

8.   The alkaline hydrolysis of fatty acids is termed as Saponification

9.   Biodegradable detergents are made of straight(branched / straight) chain hydrocarbons

 

III. Match the following


Answer:

1. Functional group -OH : Alcohol

2. Heterocyclic : Furan

3- Unsaturated : Ethene

4- Soap : Potassium stearate

5. Carbocyclic : Benzene

 

IV. Assertion and Reason:

Answer the following questions using the data given below:

i) A and R are correct, R explains the A.

ii) A is correct, R is wrong.

iii) A is wrong, R is correct.

iv) A and R are correct, R doesn’t explains A.

1. Assertion: Detergents are more effective cleansing agents than soaps in hard water.

Reason: Calcium and magnesium salts of detergents are water soluble.

Answer: i) A and R are correct, R explains the A.

2. Assertion: Alkanes are saturated

hydrocarbons.

Reason: Hydrocarbons consist of covalent bonds.

Answer: iv) A and R are correct, R doesn’t explains A.

 

V. Short answer questions


1. Name the simplest ketone and give its structural formula.

Simplest Ketone is acetone

Structural formula - CH3COCH3


2. Classify the following compounds based on the pattern of carbon chain and give their structural formula: (i) Propane (ii) Benzene (iii) Cyclobutane (iv) Furan

(i) Propane : acyclic

(ii) Benzene : Cyclic, Aromatic, Compound

(iii) Cyclo butane : Alicyclic

(iv) Furan : Hetetrocyclic


3. How is ethanoic acid prepared from ethanol? Give the chemical equation.

Ethanoic acid is prepared in large scale, by the oxidation of ethanol in the presence of alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium dichromate.

CH3CH2OH [Ethanol] → KMnO4/OH- 2[O] → CH3CQQH [Ethanoic acid] + H2O


4. How do detergents cause water pollution? Suggest remedial measures to prevent this pollution?

Some detergents having a branched hydrocarbon chain are not fully biodegradable by micro­organisms present in water. So, they cause water pollution.

We have to limit our use of detergents. Using the minimum amount of detergent while washing clothes or dishes will reduce the pollution. It is better to use only phosphate free detergents.


5. Differentiate soaps and detergents.

Soap

i. It is a sodium salt of long chain fatty acids.

ii. The ionic part of a soap is -- COO-Na+.

iii. It is prepared from animal fats or vegetable oils.

iv. Its effectiveness is reduced when used in hard water.

v. It forms a scum in hard water.

vi. It has poor foaming capacity.

vii. Soaps are biodegradable.

Detergent

i. It is sodium salt of sulphonic acids.

ii. The ionic part in a detergent is -- SO-Na+.

iii. It is prepared from hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil.

iv. It is effective even in hard water.

v. Does not form a scum in hard water.

vi. It has rich foaming capacity.

vii. Most of the detergents are non-biodegradable.

 

VI. Long answer questions


1. What is called homologous series? Give any three of its characteristics?

Answer:

Homologus series is a group or a class of organic compounds having same general formula & similar chemical properties in which the successive numbers differ by a -CH2 group.

Characteristics of homologous series :

(i) Each member of the series differs from the preceding or succeeding member by one methylene group (-CH2) and hence by a molecular mass of 14 amu.

(ii) All members of a homologous series contain the same elements and functional group.

(iii) They are represented by a general molecular formula. e.g. Alkanes, CnH2n+2.

(iv) The members in each homologous series show a regular gradation in their physical properties with respect to their increase in molecular mass.

(v) Chemical properties of the members of a homologous series are similar.

(vi) All the members can be prepared by a common method.


2. Arrive at, systematically, the IUPAC name of the compound: CH3–CH2–CH2–OH.

Answer:

Step 1: The parent chain consists of 3 carbon atoms. The root word is ‘Prop’.

Step 2: There are single bonds between the carbon atoms of the chain. So, the primary suffix is ‘ane’.

Step 3: Since, the compound contains - OH group, it is an alcohol. The carbon chain is numbered from the end which is closest to -OH group. (Rule 3)

  3        2        1

CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - OH

Step 4: The locant number of -OH group is 1 and thus the secondary suffix is ‘1-ol’.

The name of the compound is Prop + ane + (1 -ol) = Propan - 1- ol

Note: Terminal ‘e’ of ‘ane’ is removed as per Rule 5


3. How is ethanol manufactured from sugarcane?

Answer:

Ethanol Manufacture: Ethanol is manufactured in industries by the fermentation of molasses, which is a by-product obtained during the manufacture of sugar from sugarcane. Molasses is a dark coloured syrupy liquid left after the crystallization of sugar from the concentrated sugarcane juice. Molasses contain about 30% of sucrose, which cannot be separated by crystallization. It is converted into ethanol by the following steps:

(i) Dilution of molasses : Molasses is first diluted with water to bring down the concentration of sugar to about 8 to 10%.

(ii) Addition of Nitrogen source : Molasses usually contains enough nitrogenous matter to act as food for yeast during the fermentation process. If the nitrogen content of the molasses is poor, it may be fortified by the addition of ammonium sulphate or ammonium phosphate.

(iii) Addition of Yeast : The solution obtained in step (ii) is collected in large ‘fermentation tanks’ and yeast is added to it. The mixture is kept at about 303K for a few days. During this period, the enzymes invertase and zymase present in yeast, bring about the conversion of sucrose into ethanol.


The fermented liquid is technically called wash.

Distillation of ‘Wash’ : The fermented liquid (i.e. wash), containing 15 to 18 percent alcohol, is now subjected to fractional distillation. The main fraction drawn is an aqueous solution of ethanol which contain 95.5% of ethanol and 4.5% of water. This is called rectified spirit. This mixture is then refluxed over quicklime for about 5 to 6 hours and then allowed to stand for 12 hours. On distillation of this mixture, pure alcohol (100%) is obtained. This is called absolute alcohol.


4. Give the balanced chemical equation of the following reactions:

(i) Neutralization of NaOH with ethanoic acid.

(ii) Evolution of carbon dioxide by the action of ethanoic acid with NaHCO3.

(iii) Oxidation of ethanol by acidified potassium dichromate.

(iv) Combustion of ethanol.

Answer:

(i) Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium ethanoate and water.

CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O

(ii) Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate and liberates CO2, with brisk effervescence.

CH3COOH + NaHCO→ CH3COONa + CO2↑ + H2O

(iii) Ethanol is oxidized to ethanoic acid with alkaline KMnO4. or acidified K2Cr2O7


(iv) Ethanol is highly inflammable liquid. It burns with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.

C2H5OH    + 3O2             →        2CO2                  +    3H2O

Ethanol     + Oxygen       →        carbon dioxide    +   Water

 

5. Explain the mechanism of cleansing action of soap.

Answer:

(i) A soap molecule contains two chemically distinct parts that interact differently with water. It has one polar end, which is a short head with a carboxylate group (-COONa) and one non-polar end having the long tail made of the hydrocarbon chain.

(ii) The polar end is hydrophilic (Water loving) in nature and this end is attracted towards water. The non-polar end is hydrophobic (Water hating) in nature and it is attracted towards dirt or oil on the cloth, but not attracted towards water. Thus, the hydrophobic part of the soap molecule traps the dirt and the hydrophilic part makes the entire molecule soluble in water.

(iii) When a soap or detergent is dissolved in water, the molecules join together as clusters called 'micelles’. Their long hydrocarbon chains attach themselves to the oil and dirt. The dirt is thus surrounded by the non-polar end of the soap molecules. The charged carboxylate end of the soap molecules makes the micelles soluble in water. Thus, the dirt is washed away with the soap.

 

VII. HOT questions


1. The molecular formula of an alcohol is C4H10O. The locant number of its –OH group is 2.

(i) Draw its structural formula.


(ii) Give its IUPAC name. - 2-Butanol.

(iii) Is it saturated or unsaturated? - Saturated.


2. An organic compound ‘A’ is widely used as a preservative and has the molecular formula C2H4O2. This compound reacts with ethanol to form a sweet smelling compound ‘B’.

(i) Identify the compound ‘A’. - Ethanoic acid (acetic acid).

(ii) Write the chemical equation for its reaction with ethanol to form compound ‘B’. 

 CH3COOC,Hs (Ethyl acetate).

C2H5OH [Ethanol] + CH3COOH [Ethanoic acid] --conc-H2SO4→ CH3COOC2H5 [Ethyl ethanoate] + H2O

(iii) Name the process. - Esterification.



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