Blood Volume
Blood contains both extracellular fluid (the fluid in plasma) and
intracellular fluid (the fluid in the red blood cells). However, blood is
considered to be a separate fluid compartment because it is contained in a
chamber of its own, the circulatory system. The blood volume is especially
important in the control of car-diovascular dynamics.
The average blood volume of adults is about 7 per cent of body
weight, or about 5 liters. About 60 per cent of the blood is plasma and 40 per
cent is red blood cells, but these percentages can vary considerably in
different people, depending on gender, weight, and other factors.
Hematocrit
(Packed Red Cell Volume). The hematocrit isthe fraction of the blood composed of red blood
cells, as determined by centrifuging blood in a “hematocrit tube” until the
cells become tightly packed in the bottom of the tube. It is impossible to
completely pack the red cells together; therefore, about 3 to 4 per cent of the
plasma remains entrapped among the cells, and the true hematocrit is only about
96 per cent of the measured hematocrit.
In men, the measured hematocrit is normally about 0.40, and in
women, it is about 0.36. In severe anemia,
the hematocrit may fall as low as 0.10, a value that is barely sufficient to
sustain life. Conversely, there are some conditions in which there is excessive
production of red blood cells, resulting in polycythemia.
In these conditions, the hematocrit can rise to 0.65.
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