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Introduction, Classification, Sources, Types - Bio medical waste management | 11th Nursing : Chapter 6 : Nursing - Infection Control

Chapter: 11th Nursing : Chapter 6 : Nursing - Infection Control

Bio medical waste management

Bio medical waste is the waste which is generated by hospitals, nursing homes, clinic dispensaries, veterinary institution, animal house, pathological laboratory and blood bank and is not degradable.

Bio medical waste management

Introduction: -

All human activities produce waste which may be dangerous and needs safe disposal Industrial waste, Agricultural waste, Sewage waste Pollute

water, land and air. It can also be dangerous to human beings and environment. Similarly, hospitals and other health care facilities generate so many wastewhich spread lot of infection. It spread HIV, Hepatitis, Tetanus etc. mostly the health workers who handle in hospital.

India generates around three million tons of Bio medical waste per year and the amount expected to grow at 8% annually.

Bio medical waste is the waste which is generated by hospitals, nursing homes, clinic dispensaries, veterinary institution, animal house, pathological laboratory and blood bank and is not degradable.

Classification of waste: -

1.        General Waste: -

a.        General sweeping

b.       Packing material.

c.         Kitchen waste.

d.        Paper pieces

e.         Waste from laundry, wards and

f.          Laboratory.

2.        Infectious waste: -

a.        Human anatomical waster (human tissue, organ, body parts)

b.        Microbiology and micro technology waster (Laboratory culture, stocks, attenuated vaccine research and industrial laboratories)

c.         Solid Waste (items contaminated with blood and body fluids including cotton, dressing, soiled plaster casts) beddings, linens, devices used for transfer of cultures.

3.        Shapes: -

a.        Hypodermic needles, stitching needles, needles attached with tubing.

b.       Scalpel blades, razors, nails etc.

c.         Blood vials, cover slips, edges of slides

Bio medical waste: -

Bio medical waste means any solid or liquid waste including its container and any intermediate product which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human being and animals.

Prompted improvements in medical technology and centralized Medicare brought huge volumes of toxic and hazardous waste.

Situation forced a serious rethinking and necessitated an appropriate refinement in preexisting legislation.

Sources:

·           Hospitals

·           Medical research laboratories

·           Vaccinating centers

·           Slaughter house Animal houses

·           Bio technology institution

Types of biomedical waste: -

·           Human anatomical waste like tissues, organs and body parts.

·           Waste from hospitals like needles, syringes, scalpels, and broken glass.

Segregation, Packing, Transporting: -

1.        Biomedical waste shall not be mixed with other waste.

2.        Biomedical waste shall be segregate into containers bags at the point of generation prior to its storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal. The containers shall be labeled.

3.        Untreated biomedical waste shall be transported only by the competent authority as specified by the government.

4.        T he authorized person must take permission of the prescribing authority to take measure to ensure that the waste does not adversely affect human health and the environment.

Measures to minimize health risk due to medical waste: -

·           Use appropriate protecting clothing like gloves.

·           Popularize use of color and emblem code on container bags

·           Constitute a hospital acquired infection control committee.

·           Incinerator

·           Confirms to pollution control board norms.

·           Segregation of waste from hospitals is transport and disposes it.


 

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