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Chapter: 11th Statistics : Chapter 3 : Classification and Tabulation of Data

Types of Tables

Statistical tables can be classified under two general categories, namely, general tables and summary tables.

Types of Tables

 

Statistical tables can be classified under two general categories, namely, general tables and summary tables.

 

General tables contain a collection of detailed information including all that is relevant to the subject or theme. The main purpose of such tables is to present all the information available on a certain problem at one place for easy reference and they are usually placed in the appendices of reports.

 

Summary tables are designed to serve some specific purposes. They are smaller in size than general tables, emphasize on some aspect of data and are generally incorporated within the text. The summary tables are also called derivative tables because they are derived from the general tables. The information contained in the summary table aims at analysis and inference. Hence, they are also known as interpretative tables.

 

The statistical tables may further be classified into two broad classes namely simple tables and complex tables. A simple table summarizes information on a single characteristic and is also called a univariate table.

 

Example 3.8

The marks secured by a batch of students in a class test are displayed in Table 3.8


This table is based on a single characteristic namely marks and from this table one may observe the number of students in each class of marks. The questions such as the number of students scored in the range 50 – 60, the maximum number of students in a specific range of marks and so on can be determined from this table.

 

A complex table summarizes the complicated information and presents them into two or more interrelated categories. For example, if there are two coordinate factors, the table is called a two-way table or bi-variate table; if the number of coordinate groups is three, it is a case of three-way tabulation, and if it is based on more than three coordinate groups, the table is known as higher order tabulation or a manifold tabulation.

 

Example 3.9

Table 3.9 is an illustration for a two-way table, in which there are two characteristics, namely, marks secured by the students in the test and the gender of the students. The table provides information relating to two interrelated characteristics, such as marks and gender of students. It is observed from the table that 26 students have scored marks in the range 40 – 50 and among them students, 16 are males and 10 are females.


 

Example 3.10

Table 3.10 is an example for a three – way table with three factors, namely, marks, gender and location.


From this table, one may get information relating to the distribution of students according marks, gender and geographical location from where they hail.

 

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