TECHNICAL
TERMS
· Measurement
Measurement is the act, or the result,
of a quantitative comparison between a predetermined standard and an unknown
magnitude.
· Range
It
represents the highest possible value that can be measured by an instrument.
· Scale sensitivity
It is defined as the ratio of a change
in scale reading to the corresponding change in pointer deflection. It actually
denotes the smallest change in the measured variable to which an instrument
responds.
· True or actual value
It is the actual magnitude of a signal
input to a measuring system which can only be approached and never evaluated.
· Accuracy
It is defined as the closeness with
which the reading approaches an accepted standard value or true value.
· Precision
It is the degree of reproducibility
among several independent measurements of the same true value under specified
conditions. It is usually expressed in terms of deviation in measurement.
· Repeatability
It is defined as the closeness of
agreement among the number of consecutive measurement of the output for the
same value of input under the same operating conditions. It may be specified in
terms of units for a given period of time.
· Reliability
It is the ability of a system to perform
and maintain its function in routine circumstances. Consistency of a set of
measurements or measuring instrument often used to describe a test.
· Systematic Errors
A constant uniform deviation of the
operation of an instrument is known as systematic error. Instrumentational
error, environmental error, Systematic error and observation error are
systematic errors.
· Random Errors
Some errors result through the
systematic and instrument errors are reduced or at least accounted for. The
causes of such errors are unknown and hence, the errors are called random
errors.
· Calibration
Calibration
is the process of determining and adjusting an instruments accuracy to make
sure its accuracy
is within the manufacturer’s
specifications.
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