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Chapter: Genetics and Molecular Biology: Regulation of Mating Type in Yeast

Structure of the Mating Type Loci

Cloning the mating-type sequences permitted direct determination of their structures.

Structure of the Mating Type Loci

Cloning the mating-type sequences permitted direct determination of their structures. DNA-DNA heteroduplexes revealed the overall struc-tural similarities and differences, while DNA sequencing was used to examine the detailed aspects of the structures. The a- and α-specific sequences are denoted by Ya and Yα are relatively small, only about 800 base pairs long. In addition to these regions, the HML, MAT, and HMR loci are flanked by common sequences W, X, Y, Z1 and Z2.

 

The RNA transcripts from either of the MAT regions originate from near the center and extend outward in both directions, giving transcripts a1 and a2 or α1 and α2. These transcripts were identified by S1 mapping by extracting RNA from cells, hybridizing it to end-labeled DNA frag-ments, and digesting the remaining single-stranded RNA and DNA. Measurement of the size of the DNA that was protected from digestion by the RNA and knowledge of the locations of the labeled end of the DNA fragment give the transcription start points. On the basis of genetic complementation tests, the α1, α2, and a1 transcripts are translated into protein, but the a2 is not translated. Consistent with this conclusion is


the fact that no mutations have been found in the a2 region and the a2 transcript lacks a good open reading frame preceded by an AUG codon.


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Genetics and Molecular Biology: Regulation of Mating Type in Yeast : Structure of the Mating Type Loci |


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