Role of Hormones in Reproduction

Role of Hormones in Reproduction

The primary hormones that regulate reproduction are the steroids such as androgens, estrogens and progesterone which have masculinizing, feminizing and gestational effects respectively. These hormones are secreted from the gonads which are regulated by the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis). In male and female, reproductive behaviour and reproduction are mainly under the control of LH (Luteinizing Hormone) and FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone). LH stimulates the testes to produce androgens, the male sex hormone. Sperms are then actively produced. In man sperm production starts at sexual puberty and may continue throughout his life.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

FSH in the female influences the development of the Graafian follicle and secretion of estrogens. In the male it is necessary for the development of seminiferous tubules, and for spermatogenesis.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

In the female, it is the hormone necessary for ovulation, and the secretion of the luteal hormone progesterone, and for the final maturation of the Graafian follicle. In the male it stimulates the interstitial (Leydig) cells of testes and the secretion of testosterone, and is referred to as the Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH).

Estrogen is not a single hormone but a collection of related steroid hormones.

Prolactin (PRL) or Lactogenic Hormone

The main function of this hormone is milk secretion during lactation.

Oxytocin Hormone

Oxytocin causes expulsion of milk from the breast and it is also involved in the contraction of smooth muscles of uterus during child birth.