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Chapter: Clinical Pharmacology: Antineoplastic drugs

Paclitaxel and docetaxel

Antineoplastic drugs are used to treat metastatic ovarian andbreast cancer after chemotherapy has failed. They include: · paclitaxel · docetaxel.

Paclitaxel and docetaxel

 

Antineoplastic drugs are used to treat metastatic ovarian andbreast cancer after chemotherapy has failed. They include:

·                 paclitaxel

 

·                 docetaxel.

 

Pharmacokinetics

 

After I.V. administration, paclitaxel is highly bound to plasma pro-teins. Docetaxel is administered I.V. with a rapid onset of action.

Metabolism and excretion

 

Paclitaxel is metabolized primarily in the liver with a small amount excreted unchanged in urine. Docetaxel is excreted pri-marily in stool.

Pharmacodynamics

 

Paclitaxel and docetaxel exert their chemotherapeutic effect by disrupting the microtubule network essential for mitosis and oth-er vital cellular functions.

Pharmacotherapeutics

 

Paclitaxel is used when first-line or subsequent chemotherapy has failed in treating metastatic ovarian cancer as well as metastatic breast cancer.

 

Head, neck, and below

 

The taxanes may also be used for treating head and neck cancer, prostate cancer, and non–small-cell lung cancer. (See Culturalconsiderations with docetaxel use.)

Drug interactions

 

Taxanes may interact with other drugs.

 

·                 Concomitant use of paclitaxel and cisplatin may cause additive myelosuppressive effects.

·                 Cyclosporine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, and troleandomycin may modify the metabolism of docetaxel.

·                 Phenytoin may decrease paclitaxel serum level, leading to a loss of efficacy.

·                 Quinupristin/dalfopristin may increase paclitaxel serum levels, increasing the risk of toxicity. (See Adverse reactions to paclitax-el and docetaxel.)

 

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Clinical Pharmacology: Antineoplastic drugs : Paclitaxel and docetaxel |


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