Other than the spinal kit, what equipment must be immediately available while performing spinal anesthesia?

Other than the spinal kit, what equipment must be immediately available while performing spinal anesthesia?

Spinal anesthesia, like other types of anesthesia, is associated with significant physiologic trespass. Potential exists for significant cardiovascular and respiratory side-effects, including cardiopulmonary arrest. Resuscitative equip-ment and drugs must be readily available during spinal anesthesia. Electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring, blood pressure, pulse oximetry, and intravenous fluid loading should precede the subarachnoid block. A means of administering 100% oxygen under positive pressure is essential, and vasopressors must be handy. Laryngoscopes, endotracheal tubes, and rapid-acting muscle relaxants are frequently useful.