Optimization of Circle System Design

Optimization of Circle System Design

Although the major components of the circle system (unidirectional valves, fresh gas inlet, APL valve, CO₂ absorber, and a reservoir bag) can be placed in several configurations, the following arrangement is preferred (Figure 3–8):

·        Unidirectional valves are relatively close to the patient to prevent backflow into the inspiratory limb if a circuit leak develops. However, unidirectional valves are not placed in the Y-piece, as that makes it difficult to confirm proper orientation and intraoperative function.

·        The fresh gas inlet is placed between the absorber and the inspiratory valve. Positioning it downstream from the inspiratory valve would allow fresh gas to bypass the patient during exhalation and be wasted. Fresh gas introduced between the expiratory valve and the absorber would be diluted by recirculating gas. Furthermore, inhalation anesthetics may be absorbed or released by soda lime granules, thus slowing induction and emergence.

·        The APL valve is usually placed between the absorber and the expiratory valve and close to the reservoir bag. Positioning of the APL valve in this location (ie, before the absorber) helps to conserve absorption capacity and minimizes the venting of fresh gas.

·        Resistance to exhalation is decreased by locating the reservoir bag in the expiratory limb. Bag compression during controlled ventilation will vent expired gas through the APL valve, conserving absorbent.