Chapter: 10th Science : Chapter 4 : Electricity
Ohm’s Law
OHM’S LAW
A German physicist,
Georg Simon Ohm established the relation between the potential difference and
current, which is known as Ohm’s Law. This relationship can be understood from
the following activity.
According to Ohm’s law,
at a constant temperature, the steady current ‘I’ flowing through a conductor
is directly proportional to the potential difference ‘V’ between the two ends
of the conductor.
I ∝ V. Hence, 1/V = constant.
The value of this
proportionality constant is found to be 1/R
V = I R (4.3)
Here, R is a constant
for a given material (say Nichrome) at a given temperature and is known as the resistance
of the material. Since, the potential difference V is proportional to the
current I, the graph between V and I is a straight line for a conductor, as
shown in the Figure 4.5.
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