NATIVE TYPES
bool
char, wchar_t
o modified with signed or unsigned
int
o modified with signed or unsigned o can be modified with short or long o int can be dropped! long num;
o can be modified with const or volatile
Native C++ Types: Bottom Line
float
double long double
bool
char
int unsigned long
float double
pitfalls
Type Size
Language standard does not define the size of native types sizeof(type) operator
limits.h and float.h
o Defines the largest and smallest type values include <limits>
o numeric_limits<type>::max()
1. Implicit conversions (coercion)
Occur in mixed expressions Widening conversions:
int < unsigned < long < unsigned long < float < double < long double Widening safe, narrowing unsafe.
But: narrowing conversions allowed with assignments
2. Enumeration Types
Named integer constants
enum Animal {Cat, Dog, Horse = 5}; Tag name, enumerators must be unique Implicit conversion to integer
int i = Dog; // assigns 1 to i
Explicit cast from integer
y Animal anim = static_cast<Animal>i; C++ trick:
enum {SIZE = 100}; replaces #define SIZE 100
NATIVE C++ STATEMENTS
Expressions
§ expression
;
§ compound
Conditional
o
if/if-else Iteration
o while o for
o
do (not
as common as iteration) switch/case
Formatting conventions Assignment Statements
•
Syntax template
Variable
= Expression ;
•
Operation
– The expression on the right hand side is
evaluated and assigned to the memory location named by the variable on the left
hand side.
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