Manuring
(Biomanuring)
Organic manures are
predominantly derived from plant debris, animal faeces and microbes. They make
the soil fertile by adding nutrients like nitrogen. Few of them are listed
below.
It consists of faeces
and urine from livestocks like cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, chickens, turkeys,
rabbits, etc. Manures from different animals have different qualities and
different applications.
It is a mixture of
cattle dung, urine, litter material and other dairy wastes. On an average well
decomposed farm yard manure contains 0.5% Nitrogen, 0.2% available phosphate
and 0.5% available potash.
It contains higher
nutrients than farm yard manure. It contains 3% Nitrogen, 1% phosphorus
pentoxide and 2% potassium oxide.
Compost is a soil
conditioner as well as a fertilizer, which is rich in nutrients. It is produced
by natural decomposition of organic matter such as crop residues, animal
wastes, food wastes, industrial and municipal wastes by microorganisms under
controlled conditions.
Vermicompost is the
method of making compost with the use of earthworms, which generally live in
soil. They eat biomass and excrete it in digested form. This compost is
generally called vermicompost.
Green manure is obtained
by collection and decomposition of green leaves, twigs of trees, shrubs and
herbs growing in wastelands, field bunds etc. Green manure improves soil
structure, increases water holding capacity and decreases soil loss by erosion.
It also helps in reclamation of alkaline soils and reduces weed proliferation.
It is a manure obtained from undecomposed green material derived from
leguminous plants e.g. Sunhemp (Crotolaria juncea), Dhaincha (Sesbania
aculeata), Sesbania (Sesbania speciosa).
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