Historical Events in
Photosynthesis
•
Van
Helmont (1648) – Increase in organic
substances comes from water alone by growing a Willow tree that gains weight
but soil loses only 2 ounces of the original weight.
•
Stephen
Hales (1727) – Father of Plant
Physiology, Plants obtain nourishment from air and light.
•
Joseph
Priestley (1772) – Performed experiments
with candle, mice and Mint plant and concluded that vegetation purifies the
air.
•
Jean-Ingen-Housz
(1779) – Confirmed Priestley’s experiment that
oxygen released by the plants is possible only in light.
•
Lavoisier
(1783) –
Purifying gas produced by plants in
sunlight is Oxygen (Phlogiston) and
noxious gas produced by burning of candle (de
Phlogiston) is Carbon di oxide.
•
Desaussure
(1804)-
Explained the importance of water in
the process of photosynthesis.
•
Dutrochet
(1837) –
Explained the importance of
Chlorophyll in Photosynthesis.
•
Von Mayer
(1845) –
Green plants convert solar energy
into chemical energy of organic matter.
•
Liebig (1845) –
Organic matter of plants was derived
from CO2.
•
Julius
Von Sachs (1854) – Discovered that
product of photosynthesis was starch. Green substance (chlorophyll) is located
in special structures (Chloroplast).
•
T.W. Engelmann
(1888)-
Plotted action spectrum of
photosynthesis
•
Blackman (1905) –
Proposed Law of Limiting factors.
•
Warburg (1920) –
Used unicellular green algae Chlorella for the study of
Photosynthesis.
•
Van Neil (1931) –
Oxygen released during photolysis
comes from water and not from CO2. He also conducted experiments in
Purple green bacteria and demonstrated Photosynthesis.
In Green
Sulphur bacteria H2S is the Hydrogen donor which releases Sulphur
instead of oxygen.
·
Emerson
and Arnold (1932) – Existence
of light and dark reaction by flashing light experiments.
·
R. Hill (1937) –
Explained photolysis with the help
of isolated chloroplasts and electron acceptors in the presence of light.
·
Ruben and
Kamen (1941) – Used 18O
radioactive Oxygen to prove that oxygen evolves from water.
·
Arnon,
Allen and Whatley (1954) – Used
radioactive 14CO2 to show fixation of CO2 by
isolated chloroplast.
·
Melvin
Calvin (1954) – Used radioactive 14CO2
and traced path of carbon in the dark phase of photosynthesis or C3
Cycle.
·
Emerson et al., (1957) –
Reported existence of two
photosystems
·
Hatch and
Slack (1965) – Reported C4 pathway
and CO2 fixation in C4 plants
·
Huber,
Michel and Dissenhofer (1985) – Crystalized photosynthetic reaction centre
of Rhodobacter and received the Nobel
Prize in 1988.
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