Fungi
Fungi are a group of eukaryotic organisms
that lack chlorophyll. They grow in dark environments. They may be either
unicellular (Eg. Yeast) or multicellular (Eg. Penicillium). They are found in
all kinds of habitats. They are included under kingdom Fungi. The study of
fungi is called mycology. Some fungi
are macroscopic (Eg. Mushroom). There are around 70,000 species of fungi,
living in the world.
Here, we will study about yeast
which is a unicellular fungi. You will study about multicellular fungi
elaborately in Chapter 17.
Cell structure of
Yeast
Yeasts are found freely in the
atmosphere. Yeast grows in all kinds of media containing sugar. The cell is
ovoid in shape, containing cell wall and a nucleus. The cytoplasm is granular,
and has vacuoles, organelles and glycogen an oil globules. Yeast aids in
fermentation with the help of the enzyme zymase. It respires anaerobically and
reproduces by budding.
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