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Chapter: Mechanical : Heat and Mass Transfer : Phase Change Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers

Fouling Factors Analysis

Heat exchanger walls are usually made of single materials. Sometimes the walls are bimettalic (steel with aluminium cladding) or coated with a plastic as a protection against corrosion, because, during normal operation surfaces are subjected to fouling by fluid impurities, rust formation, or other reactions between the fluid and the wall material.

FOULING FACTORS ANALYSIS :

 

Heat exchanger walls are usually made of single materials. Sometimes the walls are bimettalic (steel with aluminium cladding) or coated with a plastic as a protection against corrosion, because, during normal operation surfaces are subjected to fouling by fluid impurities, rust formation, or other reactions between the fluid and the wall material. The deposition of a film or scale on the surface greatly increases the resistance to heat transfer between the hot and cold fluids. And, a scale coefficient of heat transfer h, is defined as:

 

s =1/ h s A, oC/ W or K / W

 

 

 

Fig (a) correctio factor to counter flow LMTD for heat exchanger with one shell pass andtwo, or a muliple of two,tube passes


Fig Correction factor to counter flow LMTD for heat exchanger with two shell passes and a multiple of two tube passes

where A is the area of the surface before scaling began and l/hs, is called   ‘Foul

 

Factor'. Its value depends upon the operating temperature, fluid velocity, and length of service of the heat exchanger. Table 10.1 gives the magnitude of l/h, recommended for inclusion in the overall heat transfer coefficient for calculating the required surface area of the exchanger




Fig(c) Correction factor to counter flow LMTD for cross flow heat exchangers, fluid on shell side mixed, other fluid unmixed one tube pass..


Fig. (d) Correction factor to counter flow LMTD for cross flow heat exchangers, both fluids unmixed, one tube pass.


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