Evolution of Marketing

Evolution of Marketing

i. Barter System: The goods are exchanged against goods, without any other medium of exchange, like money.

ii. Production Orientation: This was a stage where producers, instead of being concerned with the consumer preferences, concentrated on the mass production of goods for the purpose of profit. They cared very little about the customers.

iii. Sales Orientation: The stage witnessed major changes in all the spheres of economic life. The selling became the dominant factor, without any efforts for the satisfaction of the consumer needs.

iv. Marketing Orientation: Customers’ importance was realised but only as a means of disposing of goods produced. Competition became more stiff. Aggressive advertising, personal selling, large scale sales promotion etc. are used as tools to boost sales.

v. Consumer Orientation: Under this stage only such products are brought forward to the markets which are capable of satisfying the tastes, preferences and expectations of the consumers-consumer satisfaction.

vi. Management Orientation: The marketing function assumes a managerial role to co-ordinate all interactions of business activities with the objective of planning, promoting and distributing want-satisfying products and services to the present and potential customers.