Consequences of Migration
Migration affects both the areas of
origin of migration and the areas of destination. The following are the major
consequences of migration.
a. Demographic consequences: It changes age and sex composition of population. Migration of females after
their marriage leads to decline in sex ratio in the source regions and increase
the sex ratio in the regions of destinations. The migration of male workers in
search of jobs decreases the independent population of the source regions which
increases the dependency ratio.
b. Social consequences: The migration of people
from different regions towards an urban area leads to the formation of plural
society. It helps the people to come out of narrow mindedness and people become
generous.
c. Economic consequences: The migration of more people from over populated to under populated regions results
the imbalance of the resource-population ratio. In some cases, the regions of
over and under population may become the regions of optimum population.
Migration may influence the occupational structure of the population of an
area. Through this it will certainly affect the economy of the regions also. Brain drain is a consequence of
migration. Brain drain refers to the migration in which skilled people from
economically backward countries move to developed countries in search of better
opportunities. Eventually, this leads to backwardness in source regions. This
is called as “backwash effect”.
d. Environmental consequences: Large scale movement of people from rural to urban areas causes overcrowding
in cities and puts heavy pressure on resources. It leads to rapid growth of
cities. The over population in urban areas leads to the pollution of air, water
and soil. Scarcity of drinking water, lack of space for housing, traffic
congestions and poor drainage are the common environmental problems prevail in urban
areas. The lack of space for housing and the rising of land cost lead to the
formation of slums.
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