Closed - loop op-amp
configuration:
The
op-amp can be effectively utilized in linear applications by providing a
feedback from the output to the input, either directly or through another
network. If the signal feedback is out- of-phase by 1800 with
respect to the input, then the feedback is referred to as negative feedback or
degenerative feedback. Conversely, if the feedback signal is in phase with that
at the input, then the feedback is referred to as positive feedback or
regenerative feedback.
An op - amp that uses feedback is called a closed - loop amplifier. The most commonly
used closed - loop amplifier configurations are
1.
Inverting amplifier (Voltage shunt amplifier)
2.
Non-Inverting amplifier (Voltage - series Amplifier)
1. Inverting Amplifier:
The
inverting amplifier is shown in figure and its alternate circuit arrangement is
shown in figure, with the circuit redrawn in a different way to illustrate how
the voltage shunt feedback is achieved. The input signal drives the inverting
input of the op - amp through resistor R1 .
The op - amp has an open - loop gain of A, so that the output signal is much larger than
the error voltage. Because of the phase inversion, the output signal is 1800
out - of - phase with the input signal. This means that the feedback signal
opposes the input signal and the feedback is negative or degenerative.
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