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Chapter: BIOLOGY (ZOOLOGY) Standard XI first year 11th text book Assignment topics question and answer Explanation Definition

Class : Mammalia - Reptilia - sub phylum : Tetrapoda

Class : Mammalia  - Reptilia - sub  phylum : Tetrapoda
The vertebrates with two pairs of limbs adapted for locomotion on land are known as tetrapods. The limbs are of pentadactyl type. The tetra-pods are identified by a cornified outer layer of skin and nasal passages communicating with mouth cavity and lungs. The super class Tetrapoda is divided into four classes namely. Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia.

Class : Mammalia  - Reptilia - sub  phylum : Tetrapoda

 

Tetrapoda

 

The vertebrates with two pairs of limbs adapted for locomotion on land are known as tetrapods. The limbs are of pentadactyl type. The tetra-pods are identified by a cornified outer layer of skin and nasal passages communicating with mouth cavity and lungs. The super class Tetrapoda is divided into four classes namely. AmphibiaReptiliaAves and Mammalia.

 

 

Amniota

 

The tetrapods like reptilesbirds and mammals are referred to as amniotes. The amniotes have certain membranes associated with embryos inside the egg. It is an adaptation in terrestrial forms during development. These membranes are the amnionchorion and allantois.

 

Class : Mammalia

 

The term 'mammalia' was given by Linnaeus (1758) to that group of animals which are nourished by milk from the breasts of the mother. They are a successful group, for they adapt themselves readily to new situations and to new food habits.

The body is generally covered with epidermal hairs. The integument is provided with sweatsebaceous and scent glands. The mammary glandsare modified integumentary glands. The external ear or the pinna is present in most of the mammals. A muscular diaphragm is present in between thoracic and abdominal cavities. It helps in respiration. The red blood corpuscles are non-nucleated, biconcave and usually circular in form. The heart is four cham-bered. Only the left aortic arch is present. In brain cerebral hemispheres are very large and highly convoluted.

 

Corpus callosum, a transverse band of nerve fibres connecting the two ce-rebral hemispheres, is present. Dentition is thecodontheterodont and di-phyodont. Cloaca is absent. Testes lie outside the body cavity, enclosed in scrotal sacs. Eggs are small with little or no yolk. Fertilization is always inter-nal. Mammals are Viviparous ie., they give birth to alive young ones. Pla-centa is usually present.

The class Mammalia is subdivided into three subclasses namely

Monotremata, Marsupialia and Placentalia.


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BIOLOGY (ZOOLOGY) Standard XI first year 11th text book Assignment topics question and answer Explanation Definition : Class : Mammalia - Reptilia - sub phylum : Tetrapoda |


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