Are you aware of the classification of Laws?
The relationship of citizens and the regulation of
relations among one another are determined by private laws.
The laws that determine the relation of citizens to
the state are public laws. Public law perceives state as an arbiter as well as
one of the parties interested in it.
The common law differs from statutory law because
it is mainly based on precedent. Statutory law is a more formal body of the
legal system that consists of written legislation. This legislation will mainly
be based on rules and regulations either mandating or prohibiting certain
behaviors of the general public. Common law, on the other hand, will allow
judges to decide cases based on the rulings of prior cases with similar
circumstances.
Constitutional laws are the basic laws according to
which the government in a state conducts itself. The laws that define interpret
and regulate the functions of the government are known as constituteional laws.
For example, the election of President, the powers and functions of the Supreme
court and method of the appointment of the governor are constitutional affairs.
The laws which are not related to the forms and functions of the government and
to the fundamental rights but are related to the social and economic affairs of
all citizens are known as ordinary laws. For example, the abolition of child
marriage and prohibition etc come under ordinary laws.
Statute laws are the laws which are framed by the Legislative
Assembly or by the Parliament. Democratic Government being popular in most of
the countries, the laws of those government are framed mostly by the
Parliaments in those countries.
v. Ordinances
Ordinances are generally issued by the executive branch of the government as per the law of the state. Ordinances are temporary by nature and are issued by the President in the absence of parliament, especially to face the emergency.
Common laws are those laws which rest on customs
but are enforced by the courts like statute law. Common laws are popular in
England.
The office and responsibilities of government
servants are interpreted and governed by Administrative law. It is the
Administrative law that enable the public officers to separate law and
procedure from private individuals. These laws also make an attempt to
interpret the privileges of government officials. Administrative laws are not
popular in England, U.S.A. and India. They are popular in France and a few
countries of Europe. For example, When any dispute arises between a citizen and
government servant the administrative court resolves the issue with
administrative laws.
The rule that determine the conduct of the
civilized states in their relation with other states in international arena is
otherwise called International law. There are no such framed laws that govern
international relations but backed by public opinion and the rule of UNO as an
international body matters for any nation to enjoy its sovereign status. There
are also laws such as Sea law, where there are International borders and as
well Air law that demands aircraft of other nation to fly with permission of
respective nations.
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