Answer in detail

VI. Answer in detail

1. Discuss the response to Swadeshi Movement in Tamil Nadu.

• The partition of Bengal led to the Swadeshi Movement.

• The Swadeshi movement had its deep impact in Tamil Nadu.

• The Congress carried on a vigorous campaign for boycott of foreign goods.

• V.O.Chidambaranar, V.Chakkaraiyar, Subramania Bharathi and Ethiraj Surendranath Arya were some of the prominent leaders in Tamil Nadu.

• Public meetings were organized in various parts of Tamilnadu. Thousands of people attended them.

• Subramania Bharathi's patriotic songs stirred patriotic emotions.

• Many journals were started to propagate-Swadeshi ideals.

• Swadeshamitran and India were prominent journals.

• Bipin Chandra Pal toured Madras and delivered lectures which inspired the youth

• Students and youths participated widely in the Swadeshi movement.

• V.O.Chidambaranar started Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in Thoothukudi. He purchased twoships Gallia and Lavo and plied them between Thoothukudi and Colombo.

Tirunelveli uprising:

• The arrest of V.O.C and Subramania Siva led to Tirunelvely uprising.

• In Tirunelveli a police station, court building and municipal office were burnt.

• Four people were killed in police firing.

• V.O.C. was treated harshly in prison. He was made to pull the heavy oil press.

• To avoid imprisonment Subramania Bharati moved to Pondicherry which was under French rule.'

• Many other leaders like Aurobindo Ghose and V.V. Subramanianar followed Bharati and left Tamil Nadu.

2. Examine the origin and growth of Non-Brahmin Movement in Tamil Nadu.

Madras Dravidian Association:

• The non - Brahmin's organised themselves into political organisations to protect their interest.

• In 1912 Madras Dravidian Association was founded .

• Its secretary C. Natesanar established the Dravidian Association Hostel for Non-Brahmin students.

The South Indian Liberal Federation:

• On 20 November 1916 a meeting of about thirty non-Brahmins was held in Chennai under the leadership of P.Thyagarajar, T.M.Nair and C. Nateranar at Victoria Public Hall, Chennai.

• The South Indian Liberal Federation was founded to promote the interest of the non-Brahmins.

• The Justice party won 63 out of 98 elected seats in the legislative council.

• A. Subburayalu of the Justice party became the first Chief Minister.

3. Describe the role of Tamil Nadu in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

• The Viceroy did not accept the demands put forward by Gandhi.

• So Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Salt March to Vedaranyam:

• Rajaji organised and led a salt Satyagraha march to Vedaranyam.

• The march started from Tiruchirappalli on 13 April 1930 and reached Vedaranyam on 28th April.

• A special song was composed for the march by Namakkal V. Ramalinganar.

• There was a warm welcome to the Satyagrahis by the people all along the route.

• On reaching Vedaranyam 12 volunteers under the leadership of Rajaji broke the salt law by picking up salt.

• Rajaji was arrested for breaking the salt laws.

• Leaders like T.S.S.Rajan, Rukmani Lakshmipathi, Sardar Vedarathnam and K.Santhanam participated in the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha.

Agitations in Tamil districts:

• Under the leadership of T.Prakasam, the Satyagrahis set up a camp at Udayavanam. The police arrested them. It led to hartal in Madras. There were clashes with the police in Tiruvallikeni.

• People tried to break salt law at Rameswaram, Anjengo, Veppalodai, Thoothukudi and Tharuvaikulam were stopped by the police.

• Rukmani Lakshmipathi was the first woman to pay fine for taking part in the Satyagraha.

• Leaders like Bhashyam, Satyamurti and Kamaraj also played an important role.

• But the police used brutal force to suppress the movement.

Role of Tirupur Kumaran:

• In Tirupur a procession which was going on carrying national flag was brutally beaten by the police. Tirupur Kumaran fell dead holding the national flag aloft.

• He is hailed as Kodikatha Kumaran.

VII. Activity

1. Students can be asked to write a sentence or two about the important places of freedom struggle in Tamil Nadu.

2. Role Play: Students can be divided into groups and asked to debate the views of the Moderates, Extremists, Revolutionaries, Annie Besant’s supporters, Justice Party, and British Government.