I.C ENGINE TERMINOLGOGY
The
standard terms used in I.C Engines are
1. Bore:
Inside
diameter of the cylinder is termed as Bore.
2. Top
Dead Center (TDC):
The extreme position reached by the piston at the
top of the cylinder in the vertical engine is called Top Dead center.
3. Bottom
Dead Center (BDC):
The extreme position reached by
the piston at the Bottom of the cylinder in the vertical engine is called
Bottom Dead center.
4.
Stroke: The nominal distance travelled by the piston in the
cylinder between the extreme upper and
lower positions of the piston (TDC &BDC) is termed as stroke.
5.
Compression ratio (r):
It is the ratio of Maximum cylinder volume to
the Clearance volume.
6.
Cylinder volume (v):
It is the sum of swept volume and the
Clearance volume.
V = Vs + Vc
7.
Swept volume (Vs):
It is the volume of space generated by the
movement of piston
from one
dead center to another dead center.
8.Clearance
Volume( Vc):
It is the
space in the cylinder, when the piston is at Top Dead
Center
MAJOR PARTS OF AN IC ENGINE
1. Cylinder
•
It is a round cylindrical casting in which a
piston slides in and out to make strokes.
•
Combustion take place inside the cylinder. The
cylinder is closed by a cylinder head.
Material:
Grey cast iron, Aluminium
2. Cylinder head
It is fitted to the top of the
cylinder. It has inlet and outlet values, spark plug, Fuel injector, Water
jackets.
Material: C.I, Aluminium
3. Piston
It is a device which transmits
the energy (or) force of the expanding gas to the connecting rod. It slides up
and down inside the cylinder.
Material:
C.I, Aluminium alloy, Cast steel
4. Piston rings
Piston
rings are inserted in the grooves of piston. There are two
types of rings.
1) Oil ring
( One ring is used)
2) Compression
ring( Two ring is used)
5. Connecting
rod
It
converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of
crankshaft. The small end of the
connecting rod is connected to piston and the big end is connected to the
crankshaft.
Material: Plain carbon steel, Aluminium alloys
6. Crank shaft
It is the device used for getting
power from the motion of the piston and connecting rod and this power is
applied to the flywheel.
Material:
Alloys steel.
7. Camshaft
It operates the opening and
closing of the engine values. It has number of cams which are driven by crank
shaft through timing gears. The function of the cam is to convert the rotary
motion into the linear reciprocating motion
Material:
Alloys steel
8. Crank case
It is the bottom portion of the
I.C engine and holds the cylinder and the crank case. It also serves as a pump
for the lubricating oil.
Material: Aluminium alloy, Cast iron 9. Flywheel:
It is a
big wheel attached with crankshaft. It maintains the speed of the
engine.
10. Valves: The
function of the value is to admit the fresh charge in the cylinder and to send
the
exhaust gases out. There are two
values namely inlet value and outlet value.
Material:
Inlet value: Nickel chrome.
Outlet
value: Nickel chrome, Stainless steel etc
11. Water Jackets
Water jackets are provided in the
cylinder head. The purpose of water jackets is to keep the walls of the engine
cool.
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