Process selection and
integration
However, when complex mixtures of compounds are required to be
treated, combining a series of different individual process stages within a
series of interlinked bioreactors, may often be a more appropriate and
effective response. Dependent on the specific type of contaminants, this may
necessitate a sequence of both aerobic and anaerobic procedures, or even one
which combines biologi-cal and chemical steps to achieve the optimum
remediation system. Under such circumstances, clearly each bioreactor features
conditions designed to optimise specific biological processes and degrade
particular contaminants.
It should be clear from the
preceding discussions that the actual process of bioremediation employed will
depend on a number of factors, amongst others relating to the site itself, the
local area, economic instruments, reasons for reme-diation and the benefits and
limitations of the actual technologies. Hence, it should not be difficult to
see that for any given contamination event, there may be more than one possible
individual approach and, indeed, as described earlier, the potential will often
exist for using integrated combinations of technologies to maximise the
effectiveness of the overall response. In this way, though dependent on many
external variables, a mix and match assemblage of techniques may rep-resent the
individual best practicable environmental option (BEPO). The merging of an ex situ treatment, like, for example,
soil washing via a slurry reactor, to offer an intensive and immediate
lessening of pollution effect, with a slower insitu process to polish the site to a final level, has much to
recommend it, bothenvironmentally and commercially. Accordingly, it seems reasonable
to conclude that the prevalence and relative importance of such approaches will
be likely to grow over the coming years.
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