Chemoprophylaxis is most important in prevention of AGN or rheumatic fever.
Long-term chemoprophylaxis using penicillins to prevent streptococcal infection is recommended for patients with a his-tory of acute rheumatic fever (up to age 21 years) or rheumatic heart disease (lifelong). Antibiotic prophylaxis prevents strep-tococcal reinfection and further damage to the heart. The role of chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of patients with either acute streptococcal disease or nonsuppurative complica-tions is yet to be ascertained.
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