Points to Remember, Glossary, Concept Map

Points to Remember

* Acids produce H⁺ ions when they are dissolved in water.

* Acids are generally corrosive in nature and sour in taste

* All dilute acids react with metallic oxidesto form respective metallic salts and water.

* Natural acids (organic acids) and mineral acids are the two types of acids.

* Acetic acid and benzoic acid are used as food preservatives.

* Sulphuric acid is known as king of chemicals.

* Bases are the substances that give hydroxide ions (OH^–) on dissolving in water.

* Bases which are soluble in water are called alkalis. All alkalis are bases but all bases are not alkalis.

* Bases are generally corrosive in nature. They give soapy touch only in aqueous medium not in dry nature.

* Bases are used in paper industries, textile industries and in the preparation ofmedicines. They are used to manufacture fertilizers, nylon, plastics and rubber.

* When acids and bases are mixed together in aqueous solution, they react chemically to produce salt and water. This is known as neutralisation reaction.

* An indicator is a chemical substance (either natural or artificial) which indicates the end of a chemical reaction by a suitable colour change.

* Extracts of turmeric powder, hibiscus, beet root and vegetables are used as natural indicators. Phenolphthalein and methyl orange are artificial indicators.

GLOSSARY

1. Acid A substance which contains one or more replaceable hydrogen atoms.

2. Alkali Water soluble bases.

3. Base A substance that releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.

4. Indicator Chemical substance which indicates the acidic or basic nature of asolution by suitable colour change.

5. Inorganic acid Acids produced artificially in industries.

6. Natural indicators Substances obtained from plants and used as indicators.

7. Neutralisation reaction Reaction between an acid and a base which produces water and salt.

8. Organic acid Acids which occur naturally in fruits and vegetables.

9. Synthetic indicators Artificially produced indicators

Concept Map

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Petrucci, Palph Het.al. General Chemistry: Principles & Modern Applications (9th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Person Prentice Hall, 2007. Prinit.

2. P.L.Soni, Text book of Inorganic chemistry, S.Chand publication, New Delhi.

 3. Complete Chemistry (IGCSE), Oxford university press, New York.

4. Raymond Chang. (2010). Chemistry, New York, NY: The Tata McGraw Hill Companies. Inc.

5. Frank New Certificate Chemistry. McMillan Publishers.

INTERNET RESOURCES

1. https://www.chem4kids.com

2. https:// www.khanacademy.org/science/ chemistry/acids-and-bases-topic

3. https:// www.khanacademy.org/science/ chemistry/neutralization

4. https://courses.chemistry/chapter/acids-and-bases