Acyanotic: congenital heart disease
Failure of normal cardiac development
or persistence of the foetal circulation after birth.
·
8/1000
live births.
·
10–15%
complex lesions with >1 abnormality.
·
10–15%
of CHD also have a non-cardiac abnormality.
This is unknown in the majority of
cases, but commonly associated with following conditions:
·
Chromosomal defects: e.g. Down, Turner syndromes.
·
Gene defects: e.g. 22q deletion, Noonan syndrome
·
Congenital infections: e.g. rubella.
·
Teratogenic drugs: e.g. phenytoin, warfarin, alcohol.
CHD can be classified into
acyanotic or cyanotic types depending on whether predominant presentation is
with or without central cyanosis. The latter is caused by deoxygenated blood
gaining abnormal access to systemic side of the circulation via the left side of
the heart or the aorta.
·
VSD.
·
ASD.
·
PDA.
·
Pulmonary
valve stenosis.
·
Coarctation
of the aorta.
·
Aortic
stenosis.
·
Hypoplastic
left heart syndrome.
·
Hypertrohpic
obstructive cardiomyopathy.
·
Dextrocardia.
·
Tetralogy
of Fallot.
·
Transposition
of the great arteries.
·
Tricuspid
atresia.
·
Total
anomalous pulmonary drainage.
The diagnosis of a specific lesion
is made after clinical examination; CXR, ECG, and echocardiography.
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