Diarrheic stool is the specimen of choice for demonstration of rotavirus and viral antigens.
Rotavirus can be demonstrated in stool by direct electron microscopy (EM) and by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM).
Enzyme immunoassay, such as Rotazyme and latex agglutina-tion test, are useful tools to detect rotavirus antigen directly in the stool for diagnosis of diarrheal illness. This is a method used for routine diagnosis of rotavirus diarrhea.
Rotaviruses are difficult to grow in cell culture, hence are not routinely used for diagnosis of rotavirus diarrhea.
No specific antiviral therapy is available for rotavirus infec-tion. The treatment of the condition is mostly supportive. It consists of restoring the fluid loss in dehydrated patients. Oral rehydration fluid using glucose and electrolyte solution is currently preferred than the intravenous fluids to restore the hydration. Intravenous fluids are used only in severely dehydrated children.
Few vaccines have been evaluated to protect children from rotavirus diarrhea. Improved personal hygiene including hand washing and isolation of known cases of rotavirus are the best modes of control of the rotavirus diarrhea.
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