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Chapter: 11th 12th std standard Class Nursing Health Care Hospital Hygiene Higher secondary school College Notes

Hydrogenation - Vanaspathi And Margarine

Plant oils contain a large percentage of unsaturated fatty acids and hence have a tendency to become rancid. These unsaturated glycerides in oil can be converted to more saturated glycerides by the addition of hydrogen. This process is known as hydrogenation.

HYDROGENATION - VANASPATHI AND MARGARINE

Plant oils contain a large percentage of unsaturated fatty acids and hence have a tendency to become rancid. These unsaturated glycerides in oil can be converted to more saturated glycerides by the addition of hydrogen. This process is known as hydrogenation.

 

Hydrogenated fat is manufactured from vegetable oils by the addition of molecular hydrogen to the double bonds in the unsaturated fatty acids in the presence of nickel.

 

The double bonds take up hydrogen and saturated fatty acids are obtained. By this process, liquid fats can be converted to semi solid and solid fats for use as shortening in the preparation of biscuits, cakes and butter substitutes.

 

Hydrogenation is of great economic importance because it allows oils to be converted into fats, which have better keeping quality.

 

As hydrogenated fats are prepared from refined deodourised oils, the resulting fats are odourless and colourless and blend well in several food preparations.

Vanaspathi:

 

Hydrogenated oil in India is known as vanaspathi. It is manufactured by hydrogenating refined groundnut oil or a mixture of groundnut oil with other edible vegetable oils.

 

According to vanaspathi control order, the melting point of vanaspathi should be between 31 o C and 37 o C and it should contain 5 percent sesame oil and should be fortified with vitamin A.

 

Margarine :

Margarine is often used as a substitute for butter. It is made from vegetable oils or a mixture of vegetable and animal fat by hydrogenation.

 

It is then blended with cultured skim milk and salt. The fats most commonly used in the manufacture of margarine are cotton seed oil, soyabean oil, corn oil, groundnut oil, coconut oil and meat fat.

Additional additives may include diacetyl for butter flavour, sodium benzoate for preservation, mono and diglycerides or lecithin for emulsification, yellow colouring matter and vitamin A and D.


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11th 12th std standard Class Nursing Health Care Hospital Hygiene Higher secondary school College Notes : Hydrogenation - Vanaspathi And Margarine |


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