HYDROGENATION - VANASPATHI AND MARGARINE
Plant oils contain a large percentage of unsaturated fatty
acids and hence have a tendency to become rancid. These unsaturated glycerides
in oil can be converted to more saturated glycerides by the addition of
hydrogen. This process is known as hydrogenation.
Hydrogenated fat is manufactured from vegetable oils by the
addition of molecular hydrogen to the double bonds in the unsaturated fatty
acids in the presence of nickel.
The double bonds take up hydrogen and saturated fatty acids
are obtained. By this process, liquid fats can be converted to semi solid and
solid fats for use as shortening in the preparation of biscuits, cakes and
butter substitutes.
Hydrogenation is of great economic
importance because it allows oils to be converted into fats, which have better
keeping quality.
As
hydrogenated fats are prepared from refined deodourised oils, the resulting
fats are odourless and colourless and blend well in several food preparations.
Vanaspathi:
Hydrogenated oil in India is known
as vanaspathi. It is manufactured by hydrogenating refined groundnut oil or a
mixture of groundnut oil with other edible vegetable oils.
According to vanaspathi control order, the melting point of
vanaspathi should be between 31 o C and 37 o C and it should contain 5 percent sesame oil and should be
fortified with vitamin A.
Margarine :
Margarine is often used as a substitute for butter. It is
made from vegetable oils or a mixture of vegetable and animal fat by
hydrogenation.
It is then blended with cultured skim milk and salt. The
fats most commonly used in the manufacture of margarine are cotton seed oil,
soyabean oil, corn oil, groundnut oil, coconut oil and meat fat.
Additional additives may include
diacetyl for butter flavour, sodium benzoate for preservation, mono and diglycerides
or lecithin for emulsification, yellow colouring matter and vitamin A and D.
Related Topics
Privacy Policy, Terms and Conditions, DMCA Policy and Compliant
Copyright © 2018-2024 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.