Types of Health Care Agencies
Health
care is provided in various settings.
1.
Out patient services -Patients
who don require hospitalization can
receive health care in a clinic. An out patient setting is designed to be
convenient and easily accessible to the patient. Hospital Settings (To get the
material) Out patient services are generally directed at primary and secondary
health centers
2.
Clinics - Clinics
involve a department in a hospital where
patients not requiring hospitalization, receive medical care.
3.
Institutions -
Hospitals - Hospital have been the major
agency of health care system. Hospitals are classified as
a.
Public
b.
Private
c.
Military
4.
A Public Hospital are
financed and operated by the government
agency at the local, state or national level. Hospitals provide services at
free of cost.
5.
Private Hospitals are
owned and operated by churches,
corporations, individuals and charitable organizations. Private hospitals are
operated on a for-profit-basis.
6.
Military Hospitals provide
medical care for the armed forces
and their families.
Health care services.
1.
Health promotion
a.
Prenatal classes
b.
Nutrition counselling
c.
Family Planning
d.
Stress management
2.
Illness prevention
a.
Screening programs (Eg.
Hypertension, breast cancer)
b.
Immunization
c.
Occupational health and safety
measures
d.
Mental health counseling
e.
AIDS control program.
3.
Primary care
a.
School health units
b.
Routine physical examination
c.
Follow up for chronic illnesses(eg -
Diabetes, Epilepsy)
4.
Diagnosis
a.
Radiological procedure ( Eg. CT
scans, X ray Studies)
b.
Physical examination
c.
Laboratory investigations
5.
Treatment
a.
Surgical intervention
b.
Laser therapies
c.
Pharmacological therapy
6.
Rehabilitation
a.
Cardiovascular
programs
b.
Sports
medicine
c.
Mental
illness program
Summary
Nurses make up the largest employment group in the health
care delivery system of in India.
Nursing is the process of recognizing, understanding and
meeting the health needs of a person or society.
Nursing process is a deliberate intellectual activity,
whereby the practice of nursing is approached in an orderly, systematic manner
to assist the patient to achieve and maintain health.
The nursing process consists of five inter related phases
such as assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation.
Health is a state of physical, mental and social wellbeing,
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Illness is a state in which a person' s physical, emotional,
intellectual, social or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired.
Internal variables such as developmental stage, intellectual
background and emotional and spiritual factors influence the health beliefs and
practices of individuals.
External variables such as family practices socioeconomic
factors and cultural background also influence the health beliefs and practices
of individuals.
Smoking, nutrition, exercise, substance abuse and family
relationships also affect patient' s health status.
The health care delivery system in India has three main
links Central, state and local or peripheral.
International health relations, administration of central
institutes, drugs standards, vital statistics immigration and emigration are
the main functions of Central Govt under union list.
Control of communicable diseases, prevention of food
adulteration, labour welfare and economic and social planning are the functions
of central Govt. under the concurrent list.
National Medical library, ICMR, central Health Education
Bureau and Central Govt Health Services are under the control of Directorate
General of Health Services.
The Central Council of Health makes proposals for
legislation relating to medical and public health matters. Provision of medical
care, preventive health services and pilgrimage within the state are the
responsibilities of the State Government.
Sub-division, Tehsils, Community Development Blocks,
Municipalities and Corporations, Villages and Panchayats are 6 administrative
areas within each district.
Sanitation, water supply, street lighting, education and
registration of births and deaths are the functions of Municipal Board.
The Panchayat Raj is a 3-tier structure of rural local -
self government in India.
The health services are covered by the public hospitals,
private hospitals and military hospitals.
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