Grammar

PICTO GRAMMAR

Direct Speech : The exact words someone said.

Example : She said, “I meet my friend.”

(We use quotation marks.)

Reported Speech : Someone tells us what someone else said.

Example : She said that she met her friend.

( We don’t use quotation marks.)

Five changes :

Pronouns

Verb tenses

 Reporting verbs

Expression of time and place

 word order for questions

 Tense Changes

Tense                           To change

Simple Present     →       Simple Past

Present Continuous →    Past Continuous

Present Perfect      →     Past Perfect

Pre. Cont. Cont.    →     Past Perfect Continuous

Simple Past         →       Past Perfect

Past Continuous   →      Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect       →         No Change

Will, Shall, Can→         Would, Should, Could

 Have to / must→           Had to

Would, Should    → Would/ Should have+ P.P

Infinitive            → To be + P.P

 Imperative (do it)   → Infinitive (to do it) 

USE GRAMMAR

L. Discuss with your partner and punctuate the following.

1. the woman said to the student please help me cross the street

Answer: The woman said to the students, "Please help me cross the street."

2. sarathy said oh how thrilling it was

Answer: Sarathy said, "Oh, how thrilling it was!"

3. the teacher said to the students where do you want to go

Answer: The teacher said to the students, “Where do you want to go?”

4. i am tired mohana said to her aunt

Answer: “I am tired,” Mohana said to her aunt.

5. shankar said to his teacher madam i had prepared my project assignment but i forgot to bring it

Answer: Shankar said to his teacher, "Madam, I had prepared my project assignment. but I forgot to bring it.”

M. Complete the sentences in reported speech.

Example: I admire you. She said that she admired me.

1. “It is too late.” I said that it was too late.

2. “I met you yesterday.” Sam told me that he had met me the previous day

3. “I cannot come.” Mala said that she couldn’t come

4. “I will pay tomorrow.” He said that he would  pay the next day

5. “The Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges.” He knew that the Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges.

6. “I may lend you some money.” Balu  promised  to lend him  some money.

7. “I have been watching a film.” He said that he had been watching a film.

8. “I have not done it today.” I explained that I had not done  it that day

9. “I was with him last week.” Jimmy told that he was with him the previous week.

10. “I will finish this picture tomorrow.” Jothi said that he would finish that picture the next day.

N. Read the following dialogue and report it.

Betty: What are you doing here, Kitty? I haven’t seen you since June.

Kitty:  I’ve just come back from my holiday in Darjeeling.

Betty: Did you enjoy it?

Kitty: I love Darjeeling. The landscape is amazing.

Betty: Did you go to the Lloyd’s Botanical Garden?

Kitty: Yes. It was my first trip. I can show you some pictures. Are you doing any thing tomorrow?

Betty: I must arrange a couple of things. But I am free tonight.

Kitty: You might come to my place. What time shall we meet?

Betty: I’ll be there at eight. Is it all right?

Answer:

Betty asked Kitty And she added that she hadn't seen her since June. Kitty explained that she had just come back from her holiday in Darjeeling. Betty asked if she had enjoyed it. Kitty told her that she loved Darjeeling and that the landscape was amazing. Betty wanted to know if she had gone to the Lloyd’s Botanical Garden. Kitty said that it had been her first trip and that she could show her some pictures. And then she asked her if she was doing anything the next day. Betty explained that she had to arrange a couple of things. But she added that she was free that night. Kitty suggested that she might come to her place and asked her at what time they should meet. Betty said she would be there at eight. And finally, she asked whether it was all right.