Function of the female reproductive
system.
At puberty the ova begins to mature. At the follicular
phase, an ovum matures within a cyst called 'Graafian follicle' until it
reaches the surface of the ovary where rupture occurs. The ovum is discharged
into the peritoneal cavity. This periodic liberation of matured ovum into the
peritoneal cavity is referred to as ovulation.
This ovum finds its way into the
fimbriated end of the fallopian tube. On its way to the uterus, if it meets a
spermatozoan, the male gamete and union occurs and conception or fertilisation
takes place.
The empty Graafian follicle, after
ovulation is called as corpus luteum (yellow body), which secretes
progesterone, a hormone that prepares the uterus for receiving the fertilised
ovum.
Female hormones:
The
ovaries produce steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone.
Oestrogen:
It is responsible for development
and maintenance of the female reproductive organs and the secondary sexual
characteristics associated with the adult female. Estrogen also plays an
important role in breast development and in monthly cyclic changes (menstrual
cycle) in the uterus.
Progesterone:
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