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Chapter: Biology of Disease: Disorders of Acid Base Balance

Disorders of Acid Base Balance

The concentration of hydrogen ions, H+, in the blood is kept within a narrow reference range to give the blood a pH of approximately 7.4.

DISORDERS OF ACID–BASE BALANCE

INTRODUCTION

The concentration of hydrogen ions, H+, in the blood is kept within a narrow reference range to give the blood a pH of approximately 7.4. The body possesses physiological and biochemical mechanisms that maintain this pH by removing excess H+ and carbon dioxide produced during metabolism (Figure9.1). These activities are vital for normal bodily functions and are performedby the renal and respiratory systems respectively. Failure to maintain the


acid–base balance at an appropriate value will give rise either to an acidosis, with a blood pH below the reference range, or an alkalosis with the pH above it. Different types of acidoses and alkaloses produce specific characteristic clinical features. Once a specific acid–base disorder has been identified, a clinical strategy must be adopted to manage the symptoms and to treat the underlying cause(s).

 

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