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Chapter: 11th 12th standard bio zoology Human Body higher secondary school

Common diseases and control for Cattle

Common diseases and control for Cattle
Cattle are subjected to a large number of diseases. Cattle in normal health appear bright, alert and active in their movements with a shiny coat. They also enjoy normal appetite and sleep. Cattle in ill health appear dull, restless and change posture frequently with a drop in milk yield.

Common diseases and controlCattle are subjected to a large number of diseases. Cattle in normal health appear bright, alert and active in their movements with a shiny coat. They also enjoy normal appetite and sleep. Cattle in ill health appear dull, restless and change posture frequently with a drop in milk yield.

 

Contagious diseases : The diseases which spread easily by various modes are called contagious diseases. These diseases are of bacterial or viral ori-gin. The bacterial diseases are anthraxhaemorrhagic septicemiamas-titis and tuberculosis. The viral dieases are cow pox, foot and mouth disease and rinderpest.

 

1. AnthraxAnthrax, a bacterial disease is due to b anthracis which causes sudden death in cattle.

 

Symptoms : High temperature (41-41.50c), swelling of the neck, thorax, flanks and lumbar regions which are neither hot nor painful. Blood discharges from natural openings, the affected animal dies in 10 to 36 hrs.

 

Control : Vaccination with spore vaccine at the age of 6 month and then annually. Affected animals are to be segregated, contaminated place to be disinfected and the carcasses to be burried deep.


2. Cow pox is a contagious viral disease attacking cows and buffaloes.

 

Symptoms : Retarded rumination, swelling of udder and teats, rise in temperature, eruptions on skin and udder and teats developing into vesicles, pustules and scabs by stages ultimately leading to mastitis and loss of milk.

 

Prevention : Segregation of affected animal, giving sloppy food for swallowing and digestion, fomenting udder with warm disinfectant solution, giving saline laxative and diuretics, treating lesions with mild antiseptic ointment. Cow shed should be kept clean.

 

3. External parasitic diseasesCommon ectoparasites are flies, ticks, mites, fleas and lice. They are directly involved by sucking the blood from cattle and become an irritant. They are also indirectly involved in transmitting bacterial, viral and protozoan diseases.

 

4. Internal parasitic diseasesHook worm, round worm, tape worm and flukes are some of the intestinal parasites causing diarrahoea, dysentry and some other complications.

 


Non-contagious diseasesThe diseas es which does not spread by external modes but are caused by physiological or genetical means is known as non contagious diseases.


 

1. Milk feverMilk fever is common in high milk producing cows and buffaloes during the early part of the lactation. It is due to inability of the animal to assimilate calcium from the feed, leading to demineralization in the bone. The serum Ca and P levels become low and the sugar level gets increased.

 

Symptoms : Staggering, loss of appetite, temperature becoming below normal, pulse rate becoming high, restlessness and become inactive.

 

Precaution and first aid : Feeding jaggery along with lime water, few days prior to calving and giving soft nutritious and easily digestible food for a few days after calving prevents milk fever. Cleaning the udder with warm cloth and preventing infection from the floor. Pumping clean air into the udder and massaging are other measures to be adopted.

 

2. ConstipationConstipation is severe due to over eating of coarse fibrous roughages, inadequate intake of water and lack of exercise. Which leads to lack of appetite, lack of rumination or chewing and dull appearance.

 

Precaution and first aid : The affected animals can be given wheat bran meal or rice gruel and succulent fodder. Plenty of drinking water with jaggery or salt, evacuating the rectum by giving warm soap water enema and massaging the abdomen are the other measures of treatment.


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11th 12th standard bio zoology Human Body higher secondary school : Common diseases and control for Cattle |


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